Muhammad
!["Muhammad, the Messenger of God"<br />inscribed on the gates of the [[Prophet's Mosque]] in [[Medina]]](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Dark_vignette_Al-Masjid_AL-Nabawi_Door800x600x300.jpg)
Muhammad was born in approximately 570CE in Mecca. He was the son of Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib and Amina bint Wahb. His father, Abdullah, the son of Quraysh tribal leader Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim, died around the time Muhammad was born. His mother Amina died when he was six, leaving Muhammad an orphan. He was raised under the care of his grandfather, Abd al-Muttalib, and paternal uncle, Abu Talib. In later years, he would periodically seclude himself in a mountain cave named Hira for several nights of prayer. When he was 40, circa 610CE, Muhammad reported being visited by Gabriel in the cave and receiving his first revelation from God. In 613, Muhammad started preaching these revelations publicly, proclaiming that "God is One", that complete "submission" (''islām'') to God (''Allah'') is the right way of life (''dīn''), and that he was a prophet and messenger of God, similar to the other prophets in Islam.
Muhammad's followers were initially few in number, and experienced hostility from Meccan polytheists for 13 years. To escape ongoing persecution, he sent some of his followers to Abyssinia in 615, before he and his followers migrated from Mecca to Medina (then known as Yathrib) later in 622. This event, the Hijrah, marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar, also known as the Hijri calendar. In Medina, Muhammad united the tribes under the Constitution of Medina. In December 629, after eight years of intermittent fighting with Meccan tribes, Muhammad gathered an army of 10,000 Muslim converts and marched on the city of Mecca. The conquest went largely uncontested, and Muhammad seized the city with minimal casualties. In 632, a few months after returning from the Farewell Pilgrimage, he fell ill and died. By the time of his death, most of the Arabian Peninsula had converted to Islam.
The revelations (''ayat'') that Muhammad reported receiving until his death form the verses of the Quran, regarded by Muslims as the verbatim "Word of God" on which the religion is based. Besides the Quran, Muhammad's teachings and practices (''sunnah''), found in transmitted reports (hadith) and in his biography (''sīrah''), are also upheld and used as sources of Islamic law. Provided by Wikipedia
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3002Nizam al-damanat al-duwaliyah lil-istikhdamat al-silmiyah lil-taqah al-Nawawiyah /نظام الضمانات الدولية للاستخدامات السلمية للطاقة النووية /by Mahir, Mahmud Mahir Muhammad
Published 1980Thesis Book -
3003Nazariyat al-istihqaq fi al-fiqh al-Islami wa al-qanun al-madani /نظرية الاستحقاق فى الفقه الاسلامى والقانون المدنى /by al-Kazni, Muhammad Ahmad
Published 1990Thesis Book -
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3005Bay' al-muzayadah fi al-fiqh al-Islami wa al-qanun al-wad'i /بيع المزايدة فى الفقه الاسلامى والقانون الوضعى /by Qasim, 'Ali Muhammad 'Ali
Published 2002Thesis Book -
3006al-Ittijahat al-hadithah fi al-qiyadah al-idariyah /الاتجاهات الحديثة فى القيادة الادارة /by al-'Abbudi, Muhsin Muhammad
Published 1984Thesis Book -
3007al-Mas'uliyah al-jina'iyah lil-istikhdamat al-salmiyah lil-taqah al-nawawiyah : dirasah ta'siliyah tahliliyah muqaranah /المسؤلية الجنائية للاستخدامات السلمية للطاقة النووية : دراسة تأصيلية - تحليليه - مقارنه/by al-Barudi, Mirfat Muhammad
Published 1990Thesis Book -
3008Inqida' sultat al-'iqab bi al-taqadum /إنقضاء سلطة العقاب بالتقادم /by al-Ahwal, Muhammad 'Awad
Published 1965Thesis Book -
3009Naz' al-milkiyah lil manfa'ah al-'ammah bayna al-shari'ah wa al-qanun /نزع الملكية للمنفعة العامة بين الشريعة و القانون /by Khalil, Sa'd Muhammad
Published 1993Book -
3010al-Taqyid al-qanuni li hurriyat al-sihafah : dirasah muqaranah /التقييد القانونى لحرية الصحافة : دراسة مقارنة /by Abu Yunus, Muhammad Bahi
Published 1996Thesis Book -
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