Determination of heavy metals in fish and crustacean in Sungai Balok at Kuantan, Pahang
Sungai Balok was located near to the Gebeng industrial site and flows pass through the wide industrial facilities. It also located near the Kuantan Port that was temporary storage of bauxite mining. A hundreds of fish were found floating on the river and stranded on the bank at Sungai Balok. Due to...
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| Format: | Thesis Book |
| Language: | English |
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| Summary: | Sungai Balok was located near to the Gebeng industrial site and flows pass through the wide industrial facilities. It also located near the Kuantan Port that was temporary storage of bauxite mining. A hundreds of fish were found floating on the river and stranded on the bank at Sungai Balok. Due to this problem, the numbers of fish caught in the area are continuously declined and cause affected the fishermen livelihood. This study are aim to determine the concentration of heavy metals Aluminium (AI), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu) and Arsenic (As) in the tissue of fish and crustacean organisms and water samples from Sungai Balok, Pahang during wet season and dry season. Sampling for all aquatic organisms and water quality was carried out during the wet and dry season (January 2017 until December 2017). Organisms were collected by using gill nets. The aquatic organisms sample was digested by using acid digestion method. Heavy metals in the organisms and water were analysed using Inductive Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICPMS). All mean heavy metals concentrations in organisms were highest during dry season. Fe is the highest heavy metals concentration in organisms and water sample. For crustacean, Tachypleus gigas (5.093, 20606, 2.088, 0.045, 0.441, 3.323, 60.034, 6.084 mglkg respectively) accumulates more Cu, AI, i Cd, Pb, As, Fe, and Zn compare to Scylla serrata (4.101, 4.592, 0.318, 0.029, 0.100, 1.214,42.012,4.385 mg/kg respectively). For fish, A. sumatranus (0.265, 16.982, 0.325, 0.002, 0.055, 1.321, 29.733, 22.524 mglkg respectively) accumulates more Cu, AI, Ni, Cd, Pb, As, Fe, and Zn compare to other fishes. The detected levels of heavy metals in the Sungai Balok were at natural level (Class I) based on National Water Quality Standard (NWQS). Statistical analysis showed there are significant different (p<0.05) in the concentration heavy metals in mu Ie and gill organisms during wet and dry season. Heavy metals concentration in aquatic organisms was below the permissible limit of World Health Organization (WHO, 1982 , Malaysia Food Regulation (MFR, 1983) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA, 2001). Level of all heavy metals in water sample during wet and dry season is at natural level (Class I) based on National Water Quality Standard (NWQS). Heavy metals concentration in water was below permissible limit except during dry season is was above the standard permissible limit values of Malaysian Ministry of Health (MMOH, 2009), World Health Organization (WHO, 1982) and US Environmental Protection Agency (USEP A, 2012). This study shown that the metals sources along Sungai Balok are originated from industrial from Gebeng Industrial area and bauxite transportation activities. It is also due to heavy metal intakes by fish in each aquatic environment are different depends on ecological requirements, metabolisms and other factors such as salinity, water pollution level, food and sediment. |
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