Biological synthesis of metal nanoparticles by the metabolic activity of fungal species /
Nanoparticles have gained interest due to its unique properties and benefits that can improve technology in the future. However, the production of nanoparticles using physical and chemical methods have been proven as non-eco friendly and produces toxic by-products. The present study proposes an ec...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Gombak, Selangor :
Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia,
2016
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Click here to view 1st 24 pages of the thesis. Members can view fulltext at the specified PCs in the library. |
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| Summary: | Nanoparticles have gained interest due to its unique properties and benefits that can improve technology in the future. However, the production of nanoparticles using physical and chemical methods have been proven as non-eco friendly and produces toxic by-products. The present study proposes an eco-friendly synthesis of zinc nanoparticles by the metabolic activity of fungal species. Several fungi such as Aspergillus niger A121, Phaenerochaete chrysosporium, Trichoderma reesei, Trichoderma viride, Penicillium sp, white rot fungi strain RO209RQY, and Panus tigrinus were challenged with metal salt such as zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO3)2.6H2O), manganese (II) acetate tetrahydrate (Mn(C2H3O2)2.4H2O), manganese (II) sulfate -1- hydrate (MnSO4H2O), copper (II) hydroxide carbonate (CuCO3.Cu(OH)2), zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4.7H2O), copper (II)-sulfate-pentahydrate (CuSO4.5H2O), gold (III) chloride hydrate (HAuCl4.H2O) and chloroplatinic acid (H2PtCl6). All screening reactions were carried out at the fixed values of biomass amount (1 g), in 50ml of metal salt concentration (1 mM), agitation (150 rpm), incubation temperature at 27oC and pH 5. Screening result shows the potential of A. niger A121 to produce zinc nanoparticles when challenged with zinc sulfate heptahydrate. From this result, one factor at a time (OFAT) studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of biomass concentration, salt solution concentration, and temperature, on the production of the nanoparticles where mycelia biomass was taken (1 g, 2.5 g and 5 g ± 0.1 g) to be challenged with the zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4.7H2O) solutions (1 mM, 5 mM and 10 mM) and at different temperature (25oC, 37oC and 45oC). The formations of nanoparticles were characterized using UV–Vis spectrophotometer and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) to ascertain the size and polydispersity of the nanoparticles. Based on the OFAT reading, nanoparticles production showed the best production (absorbance of 0.1 a.u or 0.256 mM nanoparticles concentration) when 1 g of A.niger A121 was challenged with 50 ml of 5mM zinc sulfate salt solution at temperature of 37oC and 150 rpm agitation. Zinc nanoparticles produced were spherical in shape and in the size range of ~100 nm. The study was extended to find the conditions necessary for the maximum production of nanoparticles by varying biomass amount (range of 0.5 g to 2 g ± 0.1 g) to be challenged with the zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4.7H2O) solutions (range of 2 mM to 9 mM) and at temperature range (26oC to 45oC) which shows maximum production (0.11 a.u or 0.282 mM) at optimum condition of 1.25 g biomass amount, 5.5 mM metal salt concentration and at temperature of 35oC. The nanoparticles produced were not uniform and the size is around ~100 nm. The responsible biochemical compound for this nanoparticles formation is attributed to the presence of aliphatic amines (1088 cm-1 FTIR spectrum) which act as capping and stabilizing agent while the presence of carboxylic acid (3231 cm-1 FTIR spectrum) which act as reducing and capping agent for the nanoparticles production. |
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| Item Description: | Abstracts in English and Arabic. "A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science (Biotechnology Engineering)." --On t. p. |
| Physical Description: | xix, 112 leaves : ill. ; 30cm. |
| Bibliography: | Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-104). |