Screening for antibacterial activity of extracts from local mango kernel and optimization of the extraction process /
Mango, (Mangifera indica L.) plant is a member of the family Anacardiaceae. There are over 500 classes of mango varieties naturalized throughout the tropics and subtropics. In Malaysia alone, about 28 species are found mostly due to tropical climate, which encompasses heavy precipitation, high tempe...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Kuala Lumpur:
Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia,
2011
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://studentrepo.iium.edu.my/handle/123456789/5200 |
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| Summary: | Mango, (Mangifera indica L.) plant is a member of the family Anacardiaceae. There are over 500 classes of mango varieties naturalized throughout the tropics and subtropics. In Malaysia alone, about 28 species are found mostly due to tropical climate, which encompasses heavy precipitation, high temperatures, and high humidity, which are the favoring factors for mango vegetation. Mangoes are rich in vitamins, minerals and anti-oxidants. However, the significant increases of domestic mango consumption lead to the accumulation of waste. The role of antibiotics in the treatment of infectious diseases cannot be seen as anything but essential for the foreseeable future as antibacterial drugs provide effective control of many microbial pathogens, which previously caused prolonged incapacitation or death. However, the obstacles of few antibacterial compounds on the horizon and the increasing frequency of multidrug resistance trigger the discovery of new antibacterial drugs possibly from natural sources to be used in the pharmaceutical and food industry. Therefore, the present study was carried out to screen three different varieties of Mango kernels: waterlily, lemak and shakran for their antibacterial potential via agar diffusion assay. Ethanol, methanol, acetone and distilled water were used as the extraction solvents. The bacterial strains used were Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtillis (Grampositive bacteria), Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative bacteria). Their activities were compared to tetracycline (positive control) and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) (negative control). It was found that ethanolic extract of waterlily kernel has the best antibacterial activity. The optimization of process conditions for extraction of antibacterial activity from ethanolic extract of waterlily was conducted using Central Composite Design (CCD) under Response Surface Methodology (RSM) from the Design Expert v.6.0.8, software. Three-factors; extraction temperature (°C), extraction time (hour) and agitation speed (rpm) with three levels were used to run the experimental design. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) helped to enhance the recovery of desired compound. The antibacterial activity of 16.8 mm was reached at the optimized process conditions of 37ºC, 24 hours and 200 rpm. GC-MS was used to identify the active antibacterial compounds from this sample. The compound that is responsible for antibacterial activity was identified as phenol, 2, 4-bis (1, 1-dimethylethyl) with a chemical formula of C14H22O and its total percentage of concentration in the extract was 0.92% as determined by GC-MS. The percentage of yield of optimized extract containing antibacterial activity is 53.9%.These findings were encouraging and have potential commercialization to be used in food systems to prevent growth of food-borne microorganisms, and in a variety of applications including food ingredients, food supplements and other nutraceutical applications. |
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| Item Description: | Abstract in English and Arabic. "A dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science (Biotechnology Engineering)."--On t.p. |
| Physical Description: | xvi, 115 leaves : ill. ; 30cm. |
| Bibliography: | Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-104). |