Simulation and optimization of treated palm oil mill effluent (POME) processing for water reuse /
In Malaysia, palm oil mill effluent (POME) production increases every year, in fact in 2013 alone, Malaysia produced more than 16 million tonne of crude palm oil (CPO) where millions of tons of treated POME were discharged into the water bodies as clean effluent after the anaerobic-aerobic treatment...
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Kuala Lumpur :
Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University,
2015
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Click here to view 1st 24 pages of the thesis. Members can view fulltext at the specified PCs in the library. |
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| 050 | 0 | 0 | |a TD899.O54 |
| 100 | 0 | |a Tamrin Tajari |9 64273 | |
| 245 | 1 | |a Simulation and optimization of treated palm oil mill effluent (POME) processing for water reuse / |c by Tamrin Tajari | |
| 260 | |a Kuala Lumpur : |b Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University, |c 2015 | ||
| 300 | |a xv, 105 leaves : |b ill. ; |c 30cm. | ||
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| 502 | |a Thesis (MSBTE)--International Islamic University Malaysia, 2015. | ||
| 504 | |a Includes bibliographical references (leave 85-91). | ||
| 520 | |a In Malaysia, palm oil mill effluent (POME) production increases every year, in fact in 2013 alone, Malaysia produced more than 16 million tonne of crude palm oil (CPO) where millions of tons of treated POME were discharged into the water bodies as clean effluent after the anaerobic-aerobic treatment. Despite that, treated POME potentially can become alternative water resource for reclamation and reuse on-site. This study aims to simulate and optimize treated POME for reuse using adsorption followed by filtration for solid residual removal. Shake flasks were used to study the adsorption's isotherm and kinetics models, and later optimized using Design Expert v7.0. The simulation was done using SuperPro Designer v5.5 for the economics feasibility of the system. Process water quality standards as practiced industrially in Malaysia was used for comparison to find the suitableness of the reclaim water. Commercial powdered activated carbon (PAC) was used as an adsorbent for the study. Batch studies were used to determine the adsorption's isotherm and kinetics models for COD, calcium hardness and colour as parameters for reclamation purposes. The results show the equilibrium operational conditions were achieved at 30 g/L of PAC dosage, 15 minutes of contact time, and 150 rpm of agitation for COD, calcium hardness and colour adsorption with removal efficiency of more than 90%. The isotherm models show that COD, calcium hardness, and colour were best suited for Freundlich isotherm model with R2 values of 0.9812, 0.9917, and 0.8835 respectively, while the kinetic models show all the adsorbates best suited the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with R2 values of 1.000. ANOVA results using Design Expert v7.0 indicate the quadratic model for COD, calcium hardness, and colour was significant with R2, adjusted-R2 and predicted-R2 more than 0.90. The optimum values obtained show that the lowest adsorbates residual can be achieved by using 40 g/L PAC dosage, while there were dynamic relationship between contact time and agitation as shown in run 8 and run 10 in the optimization table to achieve minimum adsorbates residual. In addition, the validation process proves the optimization models were valid with less 10% of measured and calculated results for shake flask, meanwhile when scaled-up to 5L of sample, the results gave satisfactory results for all of the adsorbates. The economic analysis of the system shows the market price of the PAC determines more than 96% of the total operating costs with unit production cost of RM13/m3 of reclaim water from treated POME, which is highly likely not feasible if the design and the process modification was not done later or using alternative adsorbent which is more cheaper. However, the results obtained in the validation process shows the effluent quality would comply generally with the standards in paper sector as practiced in the Europe (AquaFit4Use, 2010), water makeup for cooling water and other various industries (USEPA, 2004), and as practiced by petrochemical plants as makeup water for cooling water in Malaysia. This show that the proposed treatment system potentially able to reclaim biologically treated POME for reuse (in terms of quality), thus industrial sustainability and environmental friendly are achievable. | ||
| 655 | 7 | |a Theses, IIUM local | |
| 690 | |a Dissertations, Academic |x Department of Biotechnology Engineering |z IIUM | ||
| 710 | 2 | |a International Islamic University Malaysia. |b Department of Biotechnology Engineering | |
| 856 | 4 | |u http://studentrepo.iium.edu.my/handle/123456789/5210 |z Click here to view 1st 24 pages of the thesis. Members can view fulltext at the specified PCs in the library. | |
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