Reduction process of low grade iron ore using bio-char derived from empty fruit bunch and palm kernel shell /
Malaysia has abundant of deposits low grade iron ore and bio-char derived from extraction of industrial palm oil biomass. This type of iron ore requires high energy consumption that generated from coke, and consequently contributes to greenhouse gas due to low iron with high combined water and impur...
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| 主要作者: | |
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| 格式: | Thesis |
| 語言: | English |
| 出版: |
Kuala Lumpur:
Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia,
2014
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| 主題: | |
| 在線閱讀: | Click here to view 1st 24 pages of the thesis. Members can view fulltext at the specified PCs in the library |
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| 總結: | Malaysia has abundant of deposits low grade iron ore and bio-char derived from extraction of industrial palm oil biomass. This type of iron ore requires high energy consumption that generated from coke, and consequently contributes to greenhouse gas due to low iron with high combined water and impurities. Effective use of local iron ore and bio-char as materials and resources is an attractive alternative for domestic iron making. This research focuses on the development process to treat the local low grade iron ore as iron resource using palm oil bio-char as coke substitute. The Chini iron ore was mixed with Empty Fruit Bunch and/or Palm Kernel Shell char and compacted into briquette form. The composite briquette was subjected to reduction process for 2 hours at 600-900°C. The reduction degree increased with increment of the reduction temperature and char content. XRD results suggest that the original iron oxide hydrate in the ore was converted into hematite after heating and partially reduced to wustite and iron using 40 wt% EFB and PKS char, respectively. The Fe content in the ore was greatly increased from 58.1 wt% up to 64.8 wt% and 65.2 wt% using 40 wt% of EFB and PKS char, respectively. The kinetics of reduction reaction using un-reacted core model revealed that the reduction of composite briquette was chemically controlled by gasification of carbon and the activation energy is 42.31kJ/mol. The calculated data from this model was fitted with the experimental data. The magnetic saturation of iron oxide was improved up to 15.32 emu/g from 1.16 emu/g. The magnetic susceptibility of artificial magnetite increased about hundred times from original and approached the value of natural magnetite. The results of CO2 emission indicated that approximately 18.15-18.52% of CO2 emission can be lessen using both char as energy source for reduction part of BF iron making. Thus, utilization of bio-char as energy source for low grade iron ore reduction is an attractive proposition for reducing CO2 emission and promoting green technology. |
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| 實物描述: | xiv, 111 leaves : ill. ; 30cm. |
| 參考書目: | Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-109). |