rdf-syntax-grammar
mods:
  schema location: http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
  title info:
    title: Xanthine Oxidase inhibitors from selected Malaysian medicinal plants as potential remedies for gout
  name:
    name part: Saiful Mohammad Nizam bin Azmi
    role:
      role term: creator
  name:
    name part: International Islamic University Malaysia
    name part: Department of Biotechnology Engineering
  genre: Theses, IIUM local
  origin info:
    place:
      place term: my
    place:
      place term: Kuala Lumpur
    publisher: Kulliyyah of Engineering, International islamic University Malaysia
    date issued: 2012
  language:
    language term: eng
  physical description:
    extent: xxii, 203 leaves : ill. ; 30cm.
  abstract: Xanthine oxidase (XO) is an enzyme that catalyses the metabolism of hypoxanthine and xanthine to uric acid. It is accountable for the medical condition known as gout due to deposition of uric acid in the joints, causing painful inflammation. Inhibition of XO leads to remission in gout. Malaysia houses abundant of medicinal plants, which can be introduced as new natural sources of gout medication and as alternative to synthetic xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOI), like allopurinol which brings many side effects. The preliminary screening study of different parts of plant from several plant species revealed that aqueous extract of Carica papaya L. leaves possess promising XO inhibitory activity at a concentration of 100 μg/ml. Thus, response surface methodology (RSM) from Design Expert® v.6.0.8 was used to study the effects of temperature (ºC), time (hour), agitation speed (rpm), and ratio of sample to the solvent (g/ml) on enhancement of XOI production. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated that the F-value was 15.07, which implies that the model is significant with low probability value (p<0.0001); having the residuals distributed along a well randomized straight line. Coefficient of determination (R2) was 93.36%. The p-value of 0.2349 for the lack of fit indicated the model has no lack of fit that further validates the model. Statistical optimization helped in developing the process conditions and the percentage of XO inhibition was enhanced to 88.68 ± 1.82%, obtained at 30ºC, 15 hours, 125 rpm and 1g/20ml. The inhibition was less by 5% as compared to allopurinol (93.69 ± 0.2%). Qualitative analysis on the optimized distilled water extract of Carica papaya L. leaves (ODEC) showed the presence of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, xanthine alkaloids, saponins, anthranol glycosides and terpenoids. Quantitative analysis of ODEC showed the presence of 27.51-33.15% flavonoids, 14.43-16.72% alkaloids and 1.12-1.97% saponins. The ODEC was subjected…
  note: by Saiful Mohammad Nizam Bin Azmi
  note: Abstracts in English and Arabic.
  note: "A dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science (Biotechnology Engineering)."--On t.p.
  note: Thesis (MSBTE)--International Islamic University Malaysia, 2012.
  note: Includes bibliograpical references (leaves 158-185).
  subject:
    geographic code: a-my---
  subject:
    topic: Xanthine oxidase
  subject:
    topic: Medicinal plants
    geographic: Malaysia
  subject:
    topic: Botany, Medical
    geographic: Malaysia
  subject:
    topic: Gout
    geographic: Malaysia
  classification: QP602
  identifier: http://studentrepo.iium.edu.my/handle/123456789/5334
  record info:
    record content source: UIAM
    record creation date: 121018
    language of cataloging:
      language term: eng