rdf-syntax-grammar
mods:
  schema location: http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-2.xsd
  title info:
    title: Evaluating costs, perception, satisfaction, safety and effectiveness towards electronic cigarette at Kuantan and Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia
  name:
    name part: Aziz-ur-Rahman
    role:
      role term: creator
    role:
      role term: author
  name:
    name part: International Islamic University Malaysia
    name part: Kulliyyah of Pharmacy
  genre: Theses, IIUM local
  origin info:
    place:
      place term: my
    date issued: 2017
  language:
    language term: eng
  physical description:
    extent: xvi, 248 leaves : illustrations ; 30cm.
  abstract: Studies are currently lacking regarding long-term effectiveness and safety of electronic cigarette (e-cig) among single users (SUs) and dual users (DUs) whom represent the real world population of vapers community. The primary outcomes of this study were complete nicotine abstinence rate and safety issues between both groups of users at week 52. The secondary outcomes were tobacco cigarette (TCG) only abstinence and ≥ 50% reduction at week 52. Users' perception, satisfaction, cost utilisation and nicotine estimation in their e-liquids were also analysed. A one year follow-up observational study was conducted among 220 regular e-cig users age >18 to 65 years from Kuantan and Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia who used e-cig for at least one month prior. The e-cig users were categorised as either SUs (used only e-cig, verified by exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO) of <8 ppm), and DUs (used both e-cig and TCG, with eCO of ≥ 8ppm). At week 52, 15.9% of SUs (n=11) vs. 6.8% of DUs (n=10) quit both TCG and e-cig, OR: 2.57; p = 0.048. Whereas 34.8% of SUs (n=24) vs. 17.1% of DUs (n=25) quit only TCG, OR: 2.58; p = 0.005. Among the DUs 23.3% (n=34) reduced ≥ 50% TCG consumptions vs. 21.7% of SUs (n=15), OR: 1.092; p = 0.863. Concerning safety issues, SUs perceived less e-cig adverse effects and withdrawal symptoms as compared to DUs. The major adverse effects and withdrawal symptoms observed between both groups were coughing, breathing problems and craving for TCG smoking. Moreover, seven possible smoking-related diseases such as COPD, angina, diabetes and two cases of hypertension were diagnosed among DUs, whereas in SUs a case of hypertension and diabetes each was detected. Analysis of 69 e-liquids by GC-MS showed high discrepancies between the label and actual nicotine concentration in more than 85% of the samples. Related to perception of e-cig use, 33% of both groups were satisfied and ranked it is an effective smoking cessation aid. Regarding e-cig cost utilisation, a total monthly av…
  note: by Aziz-ur-Rahman
  note: Thesis (Ph.D)--International Islamic University Malaysia, 2017.
  note: Includes bibliographical references (leaves 194-215).
  subject:
    geographic code: a-my---
  classification: HV5748
  identifier: https://lib.iium.edu.my/mom/services/mom/document/getFile/Zf8KCmMBK8PX3QvJk1Htiht0ospeGRAo20180212132319150
  record info:
    record content source: UIAM
    record creation date: 180209
    language of cataloging:
      language term: eng