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Effects of aquilaria malaccensis leaves crude extract on sperm quality and early embryo development in vitro in sprague dawley rats exposed to cyclophosphamide
International Islamic University Malaysia
xviii, 140 leaves : colour illustrations ; 30cm.
Exposure to cyclophosphamide has been associated with overproduction of free radicals and generation of oxidative stress in male reproductive system, resulting in impaired spermatogenesis, fertility and progeny outcome. Hence, many efforts have been devoted to alleviate the reproductive health risks related to antineoplastic treatment. Aquilaria malaccensis (AM), is a traditional medicinal plant known to exhibit high antioxidant capacity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Aquilaria malaccensis leaves aqueous extract on sperm quality and early embryo development in vitro following toxic exposure to cyclophosphamide. The Sprague Dawley rats were allocated into eight groups consisting of six rats in each group. Group 1 served as the normal control and only received distilled water orally. Group 2 received single intraperitoneal injection of CP (200 mg/kg). Group 3 to 5 received supplementation of Aquilaria malaccensis leaves aqueous extract orally at concentration of 100 mg/kg/day, 300 mg/kg/day, and 500 mg/kg/day respectively. While group 6 to 8 were treated with single intraperitoneal injection of CP (200 mg/kg), followed by oral administration of Aquilaria malaccensis leaves aqueous extract at doses of 100 mg/kg/day, 300 mg/kg/day and 500 mg/kg/day respectively. After 63 days of treatment, sperm from caudal epididymis were taken for sperm analysis and in vitro fertilization (IVF) with oocytes from untreated female. Fertilization and embryo development were examined for 5 days. Supplementation of Aquilaria malaccensis leaves extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day to cyclophosphamide exposed male rats exhibited a significant reduction (p = 0.018) in the percentage of abnormal sperm morphology and the tail abnormalities was the one markedly improved by Aquilaria malaccensis supplementation (p = 0.029). For IVF outcome, Aquilaria malaccensis leaves extract treatment at the same dose of 100 mg/kg/day post to cyclophosphamide exposure had significantly increased the fertilization rate (p = 0.028) and improved the embryo morphology (p = 0.045) by lowering the degree of fragmentation. Overall, Aquilaria malaccensis leaves extract could be a potential therapeutic agent against cyclophosphamide induced reproductive toxicity as it can ameliorate the cellular and structural damage in the male gametes, improve the sperm fertilizing capacity and subsequent embryo development presumably by scavenging free radicals and inhibiting the oxidative process.
Thesis (MMDSC)--International Islamic University Malaysia, 2019.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 110-124).