Extraction and GCMS-based profiling of bioactive compounds from agarwood (aquilaria malaccensis) leaf /
Extracts from plant materials including from agarwood species are continuously being tested using various techniques in the quest to find new therapeutic agents. To date, the current existing methods and parameters of extracting A. malaccensis leaf are unable to reveal the underlying relationship of...
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Kuala Lumpur :
Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia,
2019
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Click here to view 1st 24 pages of the thesis. Members can view fulltext at the specified PCs in the library. |
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| Summary: | Extracts from plant materials including from agarwood species are continuously being tested using various techniques in the quest to find new therapeutic agents. To date, the current existing methods and parameters of extracting A. malaccensis leaf are unable to reveal the underlying relationship of the parameters affecting the yield and bioactive compounds. Hence, this study was carried out to evaluate the common method of extracting A. malaccensis leaf extract (ALEX) by optimizing the extraction parameters of Soxhlet method which produced higher yield of 92.642 ± 6.44 mg/g (9.26% wt/wt) as compared to supercritical carbon dioxide method with 12.575 ± 0.611mg/g (1.26% wt/wt). Thus, the Soxhlet parameters; extraction time (12, 15 and 18 hours) and solid to solvent ratio (1:50, 1:60 and 1:70) were statistically optimized using response surface methodology (central composite design) with three levels; comprised of 13 experimental runs generated by Design Expert software. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that optimization study was well explained by a quadratic polynomial model (R2=0.7964 and Adj. R2=0.6510) implying acceptable accuracy and general availability of the polynomial model. The data presented that only the effect of extraction time was highly significant (P-value = 0.0123) towards the ALEX yield although the interaction between variables; extraction time and solid to solvent ratio were significant. Ultimately, the Soxhlet extraction process of A. malaccensis leaf and its yield were succesfully optimized, with highest yield of 184.482 ± 5.849 mg/g (18.48% wt/wt) in which response surface model showed that extraction time and solid to solvent ratio are important parameters in order to achieve high yield. Next, metabolite profiling of bioactive compounds of ALEX samples were conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) with subsequent multivariate statistical analysis through principal component analysis (PCA) with the aid of MATLAB software. The GCMS analysis detected diverse potential bioactive compounds in ALEX samples with hydrocarbon, terpenes and esters being the primary groups. n-hexadecanoic acid and hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester were found to be present in most of the ALEX samples. PCA showed that the samples extracted witth same Soxhlet parameters were clustered together while separated from other samples extracted with different parameters based on the relative abundance of the particular compounds. In conclusion, it is notable that Soxhlet extraction time showed more significant effect towards the yield and separation of the compounds as compared to the solid to solvent ratio.The findings from this study would assist in developing specific Soxhlet extraction parameters that are able to facilitate in extraction and purification of the desired compounds from agarwood leaf. |
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| Physical Description: | xvii, 179 leaves : colour illustrations ; 30cm. |
| Bibliography: | Includes bibliographical references (leaves 111-117). |