Plastic shopping bags: policy instruments for plastic bag reduction / Muhammad Hakim Noh

The plastic bag has become synonymous with our culture today. With almost 1 trillion plastic shopping bags consumed every year, their use is widespread, multifaceted, and convenient. However despite popularity, public concern over the current and future impacts of plastic shopping bags have been o...

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Main Author:	Noh, Muhammad Hakim
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2013
Subjects:	Malaysia Shopping bags
Online Access:	https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/14305/1/TD_MUHAMMAD%20HAKIM%20NOH%20AD%2013_5.pdf
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id	my-uitm-ir.14305
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spelling	my-uitm-ir.143052016-07-19T09:26:48Z Plastic shopping bags: policy instruments for plastic bag reduction / Muhammad Hakim Noh 2013 Noh, Muhammad Hakim Malaysia Shopping bags The plastic bag has become synonymous with our culture today. With almost 1 trillion plastic shopping bags consumed every year, their use is widespread, multifaceted, and convenient. However despite popularity, public concern over the current and future impacts of plastic shopping bags have been on the rise. Due to strong public pressure for government action, governments around the world are taking measures to address the issues associated with plastic bag use. To date, a number of countries have implemented plastic bag instruments which have succesfully reduced consumption and addressed impacts. On the other hand, a number of countries have also been mediocre or unsuccessful in signifcantly reducing consumption and impacts. This research provides an analysis of plastic bag policy instruments that can be used in order to assist policymakers in choosing an effective plastic bag policy. Each of the instruments is evaluated against social, environmental, and economic criteria, and is scored by the impacts and the expected outcomes. Plastic bag bans are stringent, costly to stakeholders, and are less likely to be publicly accepted. A levy on plastic bags are costly, but facilitates consumer choice and generates revenue. Lastly, while voluntary actions by retailers are inexpensive, they are weakly sanctioned and nominally reduce impacts. Analyzed against all criteria, this research suggests that the economic instrument, a plastic bag levy, is the most effective policy instrument for governments to address plastic shopping bags. 2013 Thesis https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/14305/ https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/14305/1/TD_MUHAMMAD%20HAKIM%20NOH%20AD%2013_5.pdf text en public degree Universiti Teknologi MARA Faculty of Art and Design
institution	Universiti Teknologi MARA
collection	UiTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	Malaysia Shopping bags
spellingShingle	Malaysia Shopping bags Noh, Muhammad Hakim Plastic shopping bags: policy instruments for plastic bag reduction / Muhammad Hakim Noh
description	The plastic bag has become synonymous with our culture today. With almost 1 trillion plastic shopping bags consumed every year, their use is widespread, multifaceted, and convenient. However despite popularity, public concern over the current and future impacts of plastic shopping bags have been on the rise. Due to strong public pressure for government action, governments around the world are taking measures to address the issues associated with plastic bag use. To date, a number of countries have implemented plastic bag instruments which have succesfully reduced consumption and addressed impacts. On the other hand, a number of countries have also been mediocre or unsuccessful in signifcantly reducing consumption and impacts. This research provides an analysis of plastic bag policy instruments that can be used in order to assist policymakers in choosing an effective plastic bag policy. Each of the instruments is evaluated against social, environmental, and economic criteria, and is scored by the impacts and the expected outcomes. Plastic bag bans are stringent, costly to stakeholders, and are less likely to be publicly accepted. A levy on plastic bags are costly, but facilitates consumer choice and generates revenue. Lastly, while voluntary actions by retailers are inexpensive, they are weakly sanctioned and nominally reduce impacts. Analyzed against all criteria, this research suggests that the economic instrument, a plastic bag levy, is the most effective policy instrument for governments to address plastic shopping bags.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Bachelor degree
author	Noh, Muhammad Hakim
author_facet	Noh, Muhammad Hakim
author_sort	Noh, Muhammad Hakim
title	Plastic shopping bags: policy instruments for plastic bag reduction / Muhammad Hakim Noh
title_short	Plastic shopping bags: policy instruments for plastic bag reduction / Muhammad Hakim Noh
title_full	Plastic shopping bags: policy instruments for plastic bag reduction / Muhammad Hakim Noh
title_fullStr	Plastic shopping bags: policy instruments for plastic bag reduction / Muhammad Hakim Noh
title_full_unstemmed	Plastic shopping bags: policy instruments for plastic bag reduction / Muhammad Hakim Noh
title_sort	plastic shopping bags: policy instruments for plastic bag reduction / muhammad hakim noh
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi MARA
granting_department	Faculty of Art and Design
publishDate	2013
url	https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/14305/1/TD_MUHAMMAD%20HAKIM%20NOH%20AD%2013_5.pdf
_version_	1783733250286419968

Plastic shopping bags: policy instruments for plastic bag reduction / Muhammad Hakim Noh

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