Synthesis and mechanical properties of nanohydroxyapatite from egg shells and effects of nanoHA-titanium composite using microwave technique / Ainaa Zafirah Omar Arawi

Hydroxyapatite (Caio (PO4 ) 6 (OH) 2,), is an interesting material of an inorganic compound whose chemical composition and crystallographic structures are similar to the composition of the bone. However, due to its poor mechanical properties, HA ceramics cannot be used for heavy load bearing applica...

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Main Author:	Omar Arawi, Ainaa Zafirah
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2015
Subjects:	Biochemistry
Online Access:	https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/15792/1/TM_AINAA%20ZAFIRAH%20OMAR%20ARAWI%20AS%2015_5.PDF
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spelling	my-uitm-ir.157922022-03-10T01:24:11Z Synthesis and mechanical properties of nanohydroxyapatite from egg shells and effects of nanoHA-titanium composite using microwave technique / Ainaa Zafirah Omar Arawi 2015 Omar Arawi, Ainaa Zafirah Biochemistry Hydroxyapatite (Caio (PO4 ) 6 (OH) 2,), is an interesting material of an inorganic compound whose chemical composition and crystallographic structures are similar to the composition of the bone. However, due to its poor mechanical properties, HA ceramics cannot be used for heavy load bearing applications. Natural source such as egg shells was composed by 94 wt. % of calcium carbonate (CaCO.i), which can be changed to calcium oxide (CaO) by calcinations process. The temperature and the duration to produced CaO was 900 °C for 2 hours. The synthesis of nano-HA was done by the mixtures of diammonium phosphate (DAP) and calcium hydroxide (CA (OH) 2) and subjected to heat using microwave for 30 minutes at 1100 W irradiation power. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) was used to characterize the phase and crystal sizes. As the results, nano-HA gave the highest peak that obtained clearly at 20-31.94 0 and located at (2/7) lattice. The nano- HA powder showed well defined broad crystalline peak. The crystalline size of nano-HA was in the range of 35 - 39 nm. Ball milled machine was used to mixed the nano-HA with different compositions of titanium (Ti) powder which were 10, 15, 20 and 25 wt.%. for 30 minutes and then was pressed by hand hydraulic pump with the force of 2300 psi to form the pellets. The pallets then were sintered at 1200 °C by the heating rate of 3 °C/min for 2 hours. Hardness, compression and wear test were tested. As a result, HA-25wt. %Ti composite gave the highest hardness test, 89.6 Hv, compressive test, 82.5 MPa and coefficient of friction for wear test,0.76 ji.The microstructure analyses showed, nano-HA particles have a high tendency to agglomerate and formed the shape likes needle morphology. The addition of 25wt %Ti, showed the distribution of each element in the composition have well distributed by using EDS analyses 2015 Thesis https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/15792/ https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/15792/1/TM_AINAA%20ZAFIRAH%20OMAR%20ARAWI%20AS%2015_5.PDF text en public mphil masters Universiti Teknologi MARA Faculty Applied Sciences
institution	Universiti Teknologi MARA
collection	UiTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	Biochemistry
spellingShingle	Biochemistry Omar Arawi, Ainaa Zafirah Synthesis and mechanical properties of nanohydroxyapatite from egg shells and effects of nanoHA-titanium composite using microwave technique / Ainaa Zafirah Omar Arawi
description	Hydroxyapatite (Caio (PO4 ) 6 (OH) 2,), is an interesting material of an inorganic compound whose chemical composition and crystallographic structures are similar to the composition of the bone. However, due to its poor mechanical properties, HA ceramics cannot be used for heavy load bearing applications. Natural source such as egg shells was composed by 94 wt. % of calcium carbonate (CaCO.i), which can be changed to calcium oxide (CaO) by calcinations process. The temperature and the duration to produced CaO was 900 °C for 2 hours. The synthesis of nano-HA was done by the mixtures of diammonium phosphate (DAP) and calcium hydroxide (CA (OH) 2) and subjected to heat using microwave for 30 minutes at 1100 W irradiation power. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) was used to characterize the phase and crystal sizes. As the results, nano-HA gave the highest peak that obtained clearly at 20-31.94 0 and located at (2/7) lattice. The nano- HA powder showed well defined broad crystalline peak. The crystalline size of nano-HA was in the range of 35 - 39 nm. Ball milled machine was used to mixed the nano-HA with different compositions of titanium (Ti) powder which were 10, 15, 20 and 25 wt.%. for 30 minutes and then was pressed by hand hydraulic pump with the force of 2300 psi to form the pellets. The pallets then were sintered at 1200 °C by the heating rate of 3 °C/min for 2 hours. Hardness, compression and wear test were tested. As a result, HA-25wt. %Ti composite gave the highest hardness test, 89.6 Hv, compressive test, 82.5 MPa and coefficient of friction for wear test,0.76 ji.The microstructure analyses showed, nano-HA particles have a high tendency to agglomerate and formed the shape likes needle morphology. The addition of 25wt %Ti, showed the distribution of each element in the composition have well distributed by using EDS analyses
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.)
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Omar Arawi, Ainaa Zafirah
author_facet	Omar Arawi, Ainaa Zafirah
author_sort	Omar Arawi, Ainaa Zafirah
title	Synthesis and mechanical properties of nanohydroxyapatite from egg shells and effects of nanoHA-titanium composite using microwave technique / Ainaa Zafirah Omar Arawi
title_short	Synthesis and mechanical properties of nanohydroxyapatite from egg shells and effects of nanoHA-titanium composite using microwave technique / Ainaa Zafirah Omar Arawi
title_full	Synthesis and mechanical properties of nanohydroxyapatite from egg shells and effects of nanoHA-titanium composite using microwave technique / Ainaa Zafirah Omar Arawi
title_fullStr	Synthesis and mechanical properties of nanohydroxyapatite from egg shells and effects of nanoHA-titanium composite using microwave technique / Ainaa Zafirah Omar Arawi
title_full_unstemmed	Synthesis and mechanical properties of nanohydroxyapatite from egg shells and effects of nanoHA-titanium composite using microwave technique / Ainaa Zafirah Omar Arawi
title_sort	synthesis and mechanical properties of nanohydroxyapatite from egg shells and effects of nanoha-titanium composite using microwave technique / ainaa zafirah omar arawi
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi MARA
granting_department	Faculty Applied Sciences
publishDate	2015
url	https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/15792/1/TM_AINAA%20ZAFIRAH%20OMAR%20ARAWI%20AS%2015_5.PDF
_version_	1783733452593430528

Synthesis and mechanical properties of nanohydroxyapatite from egg shells and effects of nanoHA-titanium composite using microwave technique / Ainaa Zafirah Omar Arawi

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