Extraction of natural colorant from onion (Allium cepa) skins using Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) for application in fabric dyeing / Amirah Sharif

Complete extraction of colorants often requires several steps and may use a mixture of several solvents. Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) is an alternative method for colorants extraction. This study focuses on the influence of some operative parameters of PLE employed for the extraction of color...

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Main Author:	Sharif, Amirah
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2010
Online Access:	https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/18287/2/TM_AMIRAH%20SHARIF%20AS%2010_5.pdf
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spelling	my-uitm-ir.182872022-04-05T08:07:08Z Extraction of natural colorant from onion (Allium cepa) skins using Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) for application in fabric dyeing / Amirah Sharif 2010-06 Sharif, Amirah Complete extraction of colorants often requires several steps and may use a mixture of several solvents. Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) is an alternative method for colorants extraction. This study focuses on the influence of some operative parameters of PLE employed for the extraction of colorants from onion (Allium cepa) skins. Extractions were conducted at temperatures ranging from 50 to 150 °C with a pressure of 1000 psi and two extraction cycles of 15 minutes. The effect of two extraction solvents (distilled water and 0.1 % HC1 in methanol (v/v)) was examined. It was found that extraction temperature and type of extraction solvent influenced the yield and color of extracted colorant, and the composition of anthocyanins extracted. Elevated temperatures were found to increase the yield significantly, while the effect of extraction pressure was found to be insignificant. In acidified methanol extraction, the yields (colorant (g) / 100 g sample) varied from 9.56 ± 0.46 to 16.71 ± 1.60 while using water; the yields varied from 7.06 ± 1.30 to 20.99 ± 0.75. Highest amount of yield was obtained at 150 °C for both acidified methanol and water extractions. However, the color of extract changes from red to brownish red as the extraction temperature increased probably due to degradation of anthocyanins. The color measurement indicated that PLE method using acidified methanol gave stronger reddish shade compared to that extracted using water. Major anthocyanins compounds identified include cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-rutinoside and cyanidin chloride and their composition depended on the extraction temperature and type of solvent used. Data showed that highest amount of identified anthocyanins were extracted at temperature of 80 °C using acidified methanol. Extracted cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-rutinoside and cyanidin chloride were 43.68 ± 0.24, 3.86 ± 0.04 and 1.55 ± 0.03 ppm, respectively. Using similar solvent, the yield and composition of anthocyanins obtained by conventional soaking method was comparable to those obtained using PLE at 80 °C. Colorant extract was successfully converted into conveniently handled powder by forming inclusion complexes with β-cyclodextrin. Selected powdered colorants were used for dyeing various types of fabric with different mordants. It was found that wool gave a broader range of shades. Based on washing fastness test, dyed wool showed good washing property. 2010-06 Thesis https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/18287/ https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/18287/2/TM_AMIRAH%20SHARIF%20AS%2010_5.pdf text en public mphil masters Universiti Teknologi MARA Faculty of Applied Sciences
institution	Universiti Teknologi MARA
collection	UiTM Institutional Repository
language	English
description	Complete extraction of colorants often requires several steps and may use a mixture of several solvents. Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) is an alternative method for colorants extraction. This study focuses on the influence of some operative parameters of PLE employed for the extraction of colorants from onion (Allium cepa) skins. Extractions were conducted at temperatures ranging from 50 to 150 °C with a pressure of 1000 psi and two extraction cycles of 15 minutes. The effect of two extraction solvents (distilled water and 0.1 % HC1 in methanol (v/v)) was examined. It was found that extraction temperature and type of extraction solvent influenced the yield and color of extracted colorant, and the composition of anthocyanins extracted. Elevated temperatures were found to increase the yield significantly, while the effect of extraction pressure was found to be insignificant. In acidified methanol extraction, the yields (colorant (g) / 100 g sample) varied from 9.56 ± 0.46 to 16.71 ± 1.60 while using water; the yields varied from 7.06 ± 1.30 to 20.99 ± 0.75. Highest amount of yield was obtained at 150 °C for both acidified methanol and water extractions. However, the color of extract changes from red to brownish red as the extraction temperature increased probably due to degradation of anthocyanins. The color measurement indicated that PLE method using acidified methanol gave stronger reddish shade compared to that extracted using water. Major anthocyanins compounds identified include cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-rutinoside and cyanidin chloride and their composition depended on the extraction temperature and type of solvent used. Data showed that highest amount of identified anthocyanins were extracted at temperature of 80 °C using acidified methanol. Extracted cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-rutinoside and cyanidin chloride were 43.68 ± 0.24, 3.86 ± 0.04 and 1.55 ± 0.03 ppm, respectively. Using similar solvent, the yield and composition of anthocyanins obtained by conventional soaking method was comparable to those obtained using PLE at 80 °C. Colorant extract was successfully converted into conveniently handled powder by forming inclusion complexes with β-cyclodextrin. Selected powdered colorants were used for dyeing various types of fabric with different mordants. It was found that wool gave a broader range of shades. Based on washing fastness test, dyed wool showed good washing property.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.)
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Sharif, Amirah
spellingShingle	Sharif, Amirah Extraction of natural colorant from onion (Allium cepa) skins using Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) for application in fabric dyeing / Amirah Sharif
author_facet	Sharif, Amirah
author_sort	Sharif, Amirah
title	Extraction of natural colorant from onion (Allium cepa) skins using Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) for application in fabric dyeing / Amirah Sharif
title_short	Extraction of natural colorant from onion (Allium cepa) skins using Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) for application in fabric dyeing / Amirah Sharif
title_full	Extraction of natural colorant from onion (Allium cepa) skins using Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) for application in fabric dyeing / Amirah Sharif
title_fullStr	Extraction of natural colorant from onion (Allium cepa) skins using Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) for application in fabric dyeing / Amirah Sharif
title_full_unstemmed	Extraction of natural colorant from onion (Allium cepa) skins using Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) for application in fabric dyeing / Amirah Sharif
title_sort	extraction of natural colorant from onion (allium cepa) skins using pressurized liquid extraction (ple) for application in fabric dyeing / amirah sharif
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi MARA
granting_department	Faculty of Applied Sciences
publishDate	2010
url	https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/18287/2/TM_AMIRAH%20SHARIF%20AS%2010_5.pdf
_version_	1783733652250689536

Extraction of natural colorant from onion (Allium cepa) skins using Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) for application in fabric dyeing / Amirah Sharif

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