Growth, physiological and flowering responses of Xanthostemon chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. to paclobutrazol and potassium nitrate / Ahmad Nazarudin Mohd Roseli

Xanthostemon chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. or golden penda (locally known as jambu kuning) is gaining its popularity in Malaysian landscape. However, under local climatic condition, the flowering of X. chrysanthus is very erratic and inconsistent. An investigation on the growth, physiology, floweri...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Mohd Roseli, Ahmad Nazarudin
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2015
Subjects:	Agricultural ecology (General)
Online Access:	https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/21528/1/TP_AHMAD%20NAZARUDIN%20MOHD%20ROSELI%20AT%2015_5.pdf
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

id	my-uitm-ir.21528
record_format	uketd_dc
institution	Universiti Teknologi MARA
collection	UiTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	Agricultural ecology (General) Agricultural ecology (General)
spellingShingle	Agricultural ecology (General) Agricultural ecology (General) Mohd Roseli, Ahmad Nazarudin Growth, physiological and flowering responses of Xanthostemon chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. to paclobutrazol and potassium nitrate / Ahmad Nazarudin Mohd Roseli
description	Xanthostemon chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. or golden penda (locally known as jambu kuning) is gaining its popularity in Malaysian landscape. However, under local climatic condition, the flowering of X. chrysanthus is very erratic and inconsistent. An investigation on the growth, physiology, flowering and identification of a suitable practice to induce flowering of this species was carried out. Based on the Biologishe Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt and Chemical Industry scale, nine principal growth stages, i.e. bud development (stage 0), leaf development on tree branches (stage 1), formation of side shoots (stage 2), shoot elongation (stage 3), inflorescence emergence (stage 5), flowering (stage 6), fruit development (stage 7), maturity or ripening of fruit and seed (stage 8) and fruit senescence (stage 9) were determined in X. chrysanthus. Vegetative and reproductive stages of this species were completed within 198 and 176 days, respectively. Xanthostemon chrysanthus planted in loamy sandy soil at two selected urban sites in Kuala Lumpur, i.e. Metropolitan Batu Park (MBP) and Pusat Bandar Manjalara (PBM) showed that trees at MBP, which is a recreation park with bigger planting area, had better growth performance than those trees at road median at PBM. Significant higher coarse sand content in soil of PBM influenced the water holding capacity, causing significantly lower growth responses, especially the relative growth rate of canopy diameter and leaf area index. Physiologically, higher photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were recorded during rainy season with vegetative branches as compared to reproductive branches. Profuse flowering was observed with some trees at MBP in certain times while none of the trees flowered at some other times. On the other hand, moderate flowering was observed with all under study trees at road median at PBM at all time. A suitable approach to induce flowering was identified using a synthetic plant growth regulator (paclobutrazol, PBZ) combined with potassium nitrate (KNO3). Nine treatments with nine replicates, of different concentrations of PBZ and KNO3, were assigned in a completely randomized design. PBZ lengthened the flowering period to up to 73 days as compared to only 40 days for the control tree. However, smaller flower and lower flower abundance were observed with PBZ treatment. Concurrent vegetative growth inhibition included reduced tree height, diameter at breast height, canopy diameter and leaf area, while leaf area index and relative chlorophyll content increased with PBZ alone or with combined treatment of PBZ and KNO3. Palisade parenchyma thickness in the leaf was drastically increased, while xylem thickness in the stem reduced with PBZ existence. Similarly, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were reduced with PBZ. Total phenolic content was found increased, while total non-structural carbohydrate was reduced with the existence of PBZ. However, lower dosage of 0.125 mgi"1 PBZ combined with 100 g KNO3 per tree produced highest number of flowers per inflorescence and increased the inflorescence size. In addition, photosystem efficiency measurement showed that the trees were well adapted with the treatments. The practice of using PBZ and KNO3 has the potential as a tool to improve the aesthetic value of this species. It can be considered as a good candidate for the urban landscape. Besides being able to be induced to flower better, it also tolerates the harsh urban environments that are highly exposed to various biotic and abiotic stresses.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Mohd Roseli, Ahmad Nazarudin
author_facet	Mohd Roseli, Ahmad Nazarudin
author_sort	Mohd Roseli, Ahmad Nazarudin
title	Growth, physiological and flowering responses of Xanthostemon chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. to paclobutrazol and potassium nitrate / Ahmad Nazarudin Mohd Roseli
title_short	Growth, physiological and flowering responses of Xanthostemon chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. to paclobutrazol and potassium nitrate / Ahmad Nazarudin Mohd Roseli
title_full	Growth, physiological and flowering responses of Xanthostemon chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. to paclobutrazol and potassium nitrate / Ahmad Nazarudin Mohd Roseli
title_fullStr	Growth, physiological and flowering responses of Xanthostemon chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. to paclobutrazol and potassium nitrate / Ahmad Nazarudin Mohd Roseli
title_full_unstemmed	Growth, physiological and flowering responses of Xanthostemon chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. to paclobutrazol and potassium nitrate / Ahmad Nazarudin Mohd Roseli
title_sort	growth, physiological and flowering responses of xanthostemon chrysanthus (f. muell.) benth. to paclobutrazol and potassium nitrate / ahmad nazarudin mohd roseli
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi MARA
granting_department	Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology
publishDate	2015
url	https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/21528/1/TP_AHMAD%20NAZARUDIN%20MOHD%20ROSELI%20AT%2015_5.pdf
_version_	1783733752599412736
spelling	my-uitm-ir.215282018-09-07T08:37:39Z Growth, physiological and flowering responses of Xanthostemon chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. to paclobutrazol and potassium nitrate / Ahmad Nazarudin Mohd Roseli 2015 Mohd Roseli, Ahmad Nazarudin Agricultural ecology (General) Flowers and flower culture. Ornamental plants Xanthostemon chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. or golden penda (locally known as jambu kuning) is gaining its popularity in Malaysian landscape. However, under local climatic condition, the flowering of X. chrysanthus is very erratic and inconsistent. An investigation on the growth, physiology, flowering and identification of a suitable practice to induce flowering of this species was carried out. Based on the Biologishe Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt and Chemical Industry scale, nine principal growth stages, i.e. bud development (stage 0), leaf development on tree branches (stage 1), formation of side shoots (stage 2), shoot elongation (stage 3), inflorescence emergence (stage 5), flowering (stage 6), fruit development (stage 7), maturity or ripening of fruit and seed (stage 8) and fruit senescence (stage 9) were determined in X. chrysanthus. Vegetative and reproductive stages of this species were completed within 198 and 176 days, respectively. Xanthostemon chrysanthus planted in loamy sandy soil at two selected urban sites in Kuala Lumpur, i.e. Metropolitan Batu Park (MBP) and Pusat Bandar Manjalara (PBM) showed that trees at MBP, which is a recreation park with bigger planting area, had better growth performance than those trees at road median at PBM. Significant higher coarse sand content in soil of PBM influenced the water holding capacity, causing significantly lower growth responses, especially the relative growth rate of canopy diameter and leaf area index. Physiologically, higher photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were recorded during rainy season with vegetative branches as compared to reproductive branches. Profuse flowering was observed with some trees at MBP in certain times while none of the trees flowered at some other times. On the other hand, moderate flowering was observed with all under study trees at road median at PBM at all time. A suitable approach to induce flowering was identified using a synthetic plant growth regulator (paclobutrazol, PBZ) combined with potassium nitrate (KNO3). Nine treatments with nine replicates, of different concentrations of PBZ and KNO3, were assigned in a completely randomized design. PBZ lengthened the flowering period to up to 73 days as compared to only 40 days for the control tree. However, smaller flower and lower flower abundance were observed with PBZ treatment. Concurrent vegetative growth inhibition included reduced tree height, diameter at breast height, canopy diameter and leaf area, while leaf area index and relative chlorophyll content increased with PBZ alone or with combined treatment of PBZ and KNO3. Palisade parenchyma thickness in the leaf was drastically increased, while xylem thickness in the stem reduced with PBZ existence. Similarly, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were reduced with PBZ. Total phenolic content was found increased, while total non-structural carbohydrate was reduced with the existence of PBZ. However, lower dosage of 0.125 mgi"1 PBZ combined with 100 g KNO3 per tree produced highest number of flowers per inflorescence and increased the inflorescence size. In addition, photosystem efficiency measurement showed that the trees were well adapted with the treatments. The practice of using PBZ and KNO3 has the potential as a tool to improve the aesthetic value of this species. It can be considered as a good candidate for the urban landscape. Besides being able to be induced to flower better, it also tolerates the harsh urban environments that are highly exposed to various biotic and abiotic stresses. 2015 Thesis https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/21528/ https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/21528/1/TP_AHMAD%20NAZARUDIN%20MOHD%20ROSELI%20AT%2015_5.pdf text en public phd doctoral Universiti Teknologi MARA Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology

Growth, physiological and flowering responses of Xanthostemon chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. to paclobutrazol and potassium nitrate / Ahmad Nazarudin Mohd Roseli

Similar Items