The effectiveness of ready mixed concrete / Norazman Shahabudin

Ready mixed concrete refers to concrete that is delivered to the customer in a freshly mixed and unhardened state. Due to its durability, low cost and its ability to be customized for different applications, ready-mixed concrete is one of the world’s most versatile and popular building materials. In...

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Main Author:	Shahabudin, Norazman
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2005
Subjects:	Buildings: Construction with reference to use.Including public buildings dwellings Construction equipment in building
Online Access:	https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/24193/2/24193.pdf
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id	my-uitm-ir.24193
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spelling	my-uitm-ir.241932024-05-16T07:55:32Z The effectiveness of ready mixed concrete / Norazman Shahabudin 2005 Shahabudin, Norazman Buildings: Construction with reference to use.Including public buildings, dwellings Construction equipment in building Ready mixed concrete refers to concrete that is delivered to the customer in a freshly mixed and unhardened state. Due to its durability, low cost and its ability to be customized for different applications, ready-mixed concrete is one of the world’s most versatile and popular building materials. In its simplest form, concrete is a mixture of paste and aggregates (sand & aggregate). The paste, composed of cement and water, coats the surface of the fine (sand) and coarse aggregates (rocks) and binds them together into an aggregate -like mass known as concrete. Within this process lies the key to a remarkable trait of concrete: it’s plastic and can be molded or formed into any shape when newly mixed, strong and durable when hardened. These qualities explain why one material, concrete, can build skyscrapers, bridges, sidewalks, and superhighways, houses and dams. The key to achieving a strong, durable concrete rests on the careful proportioning and mixing of the ingredients. A concrete mixture that does not have enough paste to fill all the voids between the aggregates will be difficult to place and will produce rough, honeycombed surfaces and porous concrete. A mixture with an excess of cement paste will be easy to place and will produce a smooth surface; however, the resulting concrete will be more likely to crack and be uneconomical. A properly proportioned concrete mixture will possess the desired workability for the fresh concrete and the required durability and strength for the hardened concrete. Typically, a mixture is by volume about 10 to 15 percent cement, 60 to 75 percent aggregates and 15 to 20 percent water. Entrained air bubbles in many concrete mixtures may also take up another 5 to 8 percent. Portland cement’s chemistry comes to life in the presence of water. Cement and water form a paste that surrounds and binds each particle of sand and stone. Through a chemical reaction of cement and water called hydration, the paste hardens and gains strength. The character of concrete is determined by the quality of the paste. The strength of the paste, in turn, depends on the ratio of water to cement. The water-cement ratio is the weight of the mixing water divided by the weight of the cement. High-quality concrete is produced by lowering the water-cement ratio as much as possible without sacrificing the workability of fresh concrete. Generally, using less water produces a higher quality concrete provided the concrete is properly placed, consolidated and cured. Besides Portland cement, concrete may contain other cementations materials including fly ash, a waste byproduct from coal burning electric power plants; ground slag, a byproduct of iron and steel manufacturing; and silica fume, a waste byproduct from the manufacture of silicon or Ferro-silicon metal. Some of these cementations materials are similar to the volcanic ashes the Romans mixed with lime to obtain their cement binder. Some of these structures still exist today! The concrete industry uses these materials, which would normally have to be disposed in land-fill sites, to the advantage of concrete. The materials participate in the hydration reaction and significantly improve the strength, permeability and durability of concrete. 2005 Thesis https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/24193/ https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/24193/2/24193.pdf text en public degree Universiti Teknologi MARA Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying
institution	Universiti Teknologi MARA
collection	UiTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	Buildings: Construction with reference to use.Including public buildings dwellings Construction equipment in building
spellingShingle	Buildings: Construction with reference to use.Including public buildings dwellings Construction equipment in building Shahabudin, Norazman The effectiveness of ready mixed concrete / Norazman Shahabudin
description	Ready mixed concrete refers to concrete that is delivered to the customer in a freshly mixed and unhardened state. Due to its durability, low cost and its ability to be customized for different applications, ready-mixed concrete is one of the world’s most versatile and popular building materials. In its simplest form, concrete is a mixture of paste and aggregates (sand & aggregate). The paste, composed of cement and water, coats the surface of the fine (sand) and coarse aggregates (rocks) and binds them together into an aggregate -like mass known as concrete. Within this process lies the key to a remarkable trait of concrete: it’s plastic and can be molded or formed into any shape when newly mixed, strong and durable when hardened. These qualities explain why one material, concrete, can build skyscrapers, bridges, sidewalks, and superhighways, houses and dams. The key to achieving a strong, durable concrete rests on the careful proportioning and mixing of the ingredients. A concrete mixture that does not have enough paste to fill all the voids between the aggregates will be difficult to place and will produce rough, honeycombed surfaces and porous concrete. A mixture with an excess of cement paste will be easy to place and will produce a smooth surface; however, the resulting concrete will be more likely to crack and be uneconomical. A properly proportioned concrete mixture will possess the desired workability for the fresh concrete and the required durability and strength for the hardened concrete. Typically, a mixture is by volume about 10 to 15 percent cement, 60 to 75 percent aggregates and 15 to 20 percent water. Entrained air bubbles in many concrete mixtures may also take up another 5 to 8 percent. Portland cement’s chemistry comes to life in the presence of water. Cement and water form a paste that surrounds and binds each particle of sand and stone. Through a chemical reaction of cement and water called hydration, the paste hardens and gains strength. The character of concrete is determined by the quality of the paste. The strength of the paste, in turn, depends on the ratio of water to cement. The water-cement ratio is the weight of the mixing water divided by the weight of the cement. High-quality concrete is produced by lowering the water-cement ratio as much as possible without sacrificing the workability of fresh concrete. Generally, using less water produces a higher quality concrete provided the concrete is properly placed, consolidated and cured. Besides Portland cement, concrete may contain other cementations materials including fly ash, a waste byproduct from coal burning electric power plants; ground slag, a byproduct of iron and steel manufacturing; and silica fume, a waste byproduct from the manufacture of silicon or Ferro-silicon metal. Some of these cementations materials are similar to the volcanic ashes the Romans mixed with lime to obtain their cement binder. Some of these structures still exist today! The concrete industry uses these materials, which would normally have to be disposed in land-fill sites, to the advantage of concrete. The materials participate in the hydration reaction and significantly improve the strength, permeability and durability of concrete.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Bachelor degree
author	Shahabudin, Norazman
author_facet	Shahabudin, Norazman
author_sort	Shahabudin, Norazman
title	The effectiveness of ready mixed concrete / Norazman Shahabudin
title_short	The effectiveness of ready mixed concrete / Norazman Shahabudin
title_full	The effectiveness of ready mixed concrete / Norazman Shahabudin
title_fullStr	The effectiveness of ready mixed concrete / Norazman Shahabudin
title_full_unstemmed	The effectiveness of ready mixed concrete / Norazman Shahabudin
title_sort	effectiveness of ready mixed concrete / norazman shahabudin
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi MARA
granting_department	Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying
publishDate	2005
url	https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/24193/2/24193.pdf
_version_	1804889588168130560

The effectiveness of ready mixed concrete / Norazman Shahabudin

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