Comparative assessment of citrus spp. in phytochemical analysis, antibacterial activity and DPPH scavenging analysis / Norsyazwani Sulaiman

The Citrus spp. is the member of family Rutaceae, widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical countries. The rapid growth of the processing industry is demanding some natural antibacterial agents. Therefore, this study aims to determine the percentage yield of the Citrus spp. peel extracts us...

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Main Author:	Sulaiman, Norsyazwani
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2020
Subjects:	Botanical chemistry Phytochemicals Bacteria
Online Access:	https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/36441/1/36441.pdf
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id	my-uitm-ir.36441
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-uitm-ir.364412020-11-12T02:58:20Z Comparative assessment of citrus spp. in phytochemical analysis, antibacterial activity and DPPH scavenging analysis / Norsyazwani Sulaiman 2020-11-09 Sulaiman, Norsyazwani Botanical chemistry. Phytochemicals Bacteria The Citrus spp. is the member of family Rutaceae, widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical countries. The rapid growth of the processing industry is demanding some natural antibacterial agents. Therefore, this study aims to determine the percentage yield of the Citrus spp. peel extracts using 95% ethanol, analysed phytochemical analysis as well as determine antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The peel extracts were prepared in 95% ethanol using rotary evaporator. The peel extracts of Citrus spp. were screened for the presence of biological compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and steroids. For the determination of the antibacterial activity of Citrus spp., the disc diffusion assay was used against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis). The Citrus spp. peel extracts were determined for it antioxidant properties using DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The result of this study showed C. hystrix had the highest percentage yield of crude extracts at 5.03% while the lowest was C. aurantifolia which was only 0.44%. The yield of crude extract of C. microcarpa was 0.76%. The phytochemical screening showed that the Citrus spp. have positive results regarding alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and steroids. For antibacterial activity, Gram-positive bacteria of S. aureus and S. epidermidis were susceptible responds to the C. hystrix at concentration of 400 000 μg/ml. However, both bacteria were considered as intermediate response towards all combinations of Citrus spp. IC50 value of DPPH free radical scavenging assay for C. microcarpa was 0.593 μg/ml revealed that C. microcarpa had the highest antioxidant compared to the C. hystrix and C. aurantifolia. As conclusion, Citrus spp. peels extract can be used efficiently as an alternative for the production of potential antibacterial agent and beneficial to the food industry. 2020-11 Thesis https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/36441/ https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/36441/1/36441.pdf text en public degree Universiti Teknologi Mara Perlis Faculty of Applied Sciences
institution	Universiti Teknologi MARA
collection	UiTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	Botanical chemistry Phytochemicals Bacteria
spellingShingle	Botanical chemistry Phytochemicals Bacteria Sulaiman, Norsyazwani Comparative assessment of citrus spp. in phytochemical analysis, antibacterial activity and DPPH scavenging analysis / Norsyazwani Sulaiman
description	The Citrus spp. is the member of family Rutaceae, widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical countries. The rapid growth of the processing industry is demanding some natural antibacterial agents. Therefore, this study aims to determine the percentage yield of the Citrus spp. peel extracts using 95% ethanol, analysed phytochemical analysis as well as determine antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The peel extracts were prepared in 95% ethanol using rotary evaporator. The peel extracts of Citrus spp. were screened for the presence of biological compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and steroids. For the determination of the antibacterial activity of Citrus spp., the disc diffusion assay was used against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis). The Citrus spp. peel extracts were determined for it antioxidant properties using DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The result of this study showed C. hystrix had the highest percentage yield of crude extracts at 5.03% while the lowest was C. aurantifolia which was only 0.44%. The yield of crude extract of C. microcarpa was 0.76%. The phytochemical screening showed that the Citrus spp. have positive results regarding alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and steroids. For antibacterial activity, Gram-positive bacteria of S. aureus and S. epidermidis were susceptible responds to the C. hystrix at concentration of 400 000 μg/ml. However, both bacteria were considered as intermediate response towards all combinations of Citrus spp. IC50 value of DPPH free radical scavenging assay for C. microcarpa was 0.593 μg/ml revealed that C. microcarpa had the highest antioxidant compared to the C. hystrix and C. aurantifolia. As conclusion, Citrus spp. peels extract can be used efficiently as an alternative for the production of potential antibacterial agent and beneficial to the food industry.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Bachelor degree
author	Sulaiman, Norsyazwani
author_facet	Sulaiman, Norsyazwani
author_sort	Sulaiman, Norsyazwani
title	Comparative assessment of citrus spp. in phytochemical analysis, antibacterial activity and DPPH scavenging analysis / Norsyazwani Sulaiman
title_short	Comparative assessment of citrus spp. in phytochemical analysis, antibacterial activity and DPPH scavenging analysis / Norsyazwani Sulaiman
title_full	Comparative assessment of citrus spp. in phytochemical analysis, antibacterial activity and DPPH scavenging analysis / Norsyazwani Sulaiman
title_fullStr	Comparative assessment of citrus spp. in phytochemical analysis, antibacterial activity and DPPH scavenging analysis / Norsyazwani Sulaiman
title_full_unstemmed	Comparative assessment of citrus spp. in phytochemical analysis, antibacterial activity and DPPH scavenging analysis / Norsyazwani Sulaiman
title_sort	comparative assessment of citrus spp. in phytochemical analysis, antibacterial activity and dpph scavenging analysis / norsyazwani sulaiman
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi Mara Perlis
granting_department	Faculty of Applied Sciences
publishDate	2020
url	https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/36441/1/36441.pdf
_version_	1783734337323139072

Comparative assessment of citrus spp. in phytochemical analysis, antibacterial activity and DPPH scavenging analysis / Norsyazwani Sulaiman

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