The effect of phosphotungstic acid and ferrous sulfate mordants towards the enhancement of flower extracts as alternative to hematoxcylin stain / Ummi Syafiqah Abdorahman

Aqueous extract derived from Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle) and Costus woodsonii (Red button ginger) flower were chosen to be used in Papanicolaou stain protocol to counter the problem of limited sources of Hematoxylin. The aim of this study is to identify the most suitable mordant between Phosphotun...

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Main Author:	Abdorahman, Ummi Syafiqah
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2019
Subjects:	Botanical chemistry Phytochemicals
Online Access:	https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/50491/1/50491.pdf
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id	my-uitm-ir.50491
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-uitm-ir.504912021-09-15T01:47:58Z The effect of phosphotungstic acid and ferrous sulfate mordants towards the enhancement of flower extracts as alternative to hematoxcylin stain / Ummi Syafiqah Abdorahman 2019 Abdorahman, Ummi Syafiqah Botanical chemistry. Phytochemicals Flowers and flower culture. Ornamental plants Aqueous extract derived from Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle) and Costus woodsonii (Red button ginger) flower were chosen to be used in Papanicolaou stain protocol to counter the problem of limited sources of Hematoxylin. The aim of this study is to identify the most suitable mordant between Phosphotungstic acid (PTA) and Ferrous sulfate (FS) that have the finest result in enhancing the staining ability of both H. sabdariffa and C. woodsonii on the nucleus of the buccal cells. The dyes were extracted from the flower petals by boiling until it reached 100ºC. Qualitative analysis was done by selecting 10 volunteers to evaluate the staining intensities of the nucleus of the cells. From this observation under the microscope, all dyes with and without mordants were able to stain the nucleus. However, cells that have been stained using extracts that were mordanted with Phosphotungstic acid were slightly degenerated and have poor visibility. The quantitative analysis using One-way ANOVA and paired-samples t-test were done on the pH and absorbance of the pure aqueous extracts. Colour intensities were measured in pixels using MIPAR software. The staining quality of the mordanted and non-mordanted natural dyes were compared with the Papanicolaou stain as a gold standard. Qualitative measurement by the independent evaluators was analysed using Weighted-kappa test. Hence, the statistical analysis revealed that dyes mordanted with ferrous sulfate were proven to have better ability in enhancing the staining intensity of extracts from both flowers compared to Phosphotungstic acid. Nevertheless, the dyes from both flowers and Papanicolaou stain were incomparable. But then again, the ability of mordanted dyes and non-mordanted dyes of H. sabdariffa and C. woodsonii to stain the cells were equivalent. In conclusion, ferrous sulfate is the most suitable mordant in enhancing the staining ability of both flower extracts. 2019 Thesis https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/50491/ https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/50491/1/50491.pdf text en public degree Universiti Teknologi MARA (Kampus Puncak Alam) Faculty of Health Sciences Abu, Mohd Nazri
institution	Universiti Teknologi MARA
collection	UiTM Institutional Repository
language	English
advisor	Abu, Mohd Nazri
topic	Botanical chemistry Phytochemicals Botanical chemistry Phytochemicals
spellingShingle	Botanical chemistry Phytochemicals Botanical chemistry Phytochemicals Abdorahman, Ummi Syafiqah The effect of phosphotungstic acid and ferrous sulfate mordants towards the enhancement of flower extracts as alternative to hematoxcylin stain / Ummi Syafiqah Abdorahman
description	Aqueous extract derived from Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle) and Costus woodsonii (Red button ginger) flower were chosen to be used in Papanicolaou stain protocol to counter the problem of limited sources of Hematoxylin. The aim of this study is to identify the most suitable mordant between Phosphotungstic acid (PTA) and Ferrous sulfate (FS) that have the finest result in enhancing the staining ability of both H. sabdariffa and C. woodsonii on the nucleus of the buccal cells. The dyes were extracted from the flower petals by boiling until it reached 100ºC. Qualitative analysis was done by selecting 10 volunteers to evaluate the staining intensities of the nucleus of the cells. From this observation under the microscope, all dyes with and without mordants were able to stain the nucleus. However, cells that have been stained using extracts that were mordanted with Phosphotungstic acid were slightly degenerated and have poor visibility. The quantitative analysis using One-way ANOVA and paired-samples t-test were done on the pH and absorbance of the pure aqueous extracts. Colour intensities were measured in pixels using MIPAR software. The staining quality of the mordanted and non-mordanted natural dyes were compared with the Papanicolaou stain as a gold standard. Qualitative measurement by the independent evaluators was analysed using Weighted-kappa test. Hence, the statistical analysis revealed that dyes mordanted with ferrous sulfate were proven to have better ability in enhancing the staining intensity of extracts from both flowers compared to Phosphotungstic acid. Nevertheless, the dyes from both flowers and Papanicolaou stain were incomparable. But then again, the ability of mordanted dyes and non-mordanted dyes of H. sabdariffa and C. woodsonii to stain the cells were equivalent. In conclusion, ferrous sulfate is the most suitable mordant in enhancing the staining ability of both flower extracts.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Bachelor degree
author	Abdorahman, Ummi Syafiqah
author_facet	Abdorahman, Ummi Syafiqah
author_sort	Abdorahman, Ummi Syafiqah
title	The effect of phosphotungstic acid and ferrous sulfate mordants towards the enhancement of flower extracts as alternative to hematoxcylin stain / Ummi Syafiqah Abdorahman
title_short	The effect of phosphotungstic acid and ferrous sulfate mordants towards the enhancement of flower extracts as alternative to hematoxcylin stain / Ummi Syafiqah Abdorahman
title_full	The effect of phosphotungstic acid and ferrous sulfate mordants towards the enhancement of flower extracts as alternative to hematoxcylin stain / Ummi Syafiqah Abdorahman
title_fullStr	The effect of phosphotungstic acid and ferrous sulfate mordants towards the enhancement of flower extracts as alternative to hematoxcylin stain / Ummi Syafiqah Abdorahman
title_full_unstemmed	The effect of phosphotungstic acid and ferrous sulfate mordants towards the enhancement of flower extracts as alternative to hematoxcylin stain / Ummi Syafiqah Abdorahman
title_sort	effect of phosphotungstic acid and ferrous sulfate mordants towards the enhancement of flower extracts as alternative to hematoxcylin stain / ummi syafiqah abdorahman
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi MARA (Kampus Puncak Alam)
granting_department	Faculty of Health Sciences
publishDate	2019
url	https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/50491/1/50491.pdf
_version_	1783734834522226688

The effect of phosphotungstic acid and ferrous sulfate mordants towards the enhancement of flower extracts as alternative to hematoxcylin stain / Ummi Syafiqah Abdorahman

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