Study on unintended metabolic interactions in genetically modified soybean with stacked events / Salehuddin Asyraf Mohd Najib

Malaysia imports a large amount of maize and soybean, included genetically-modified (GM) varieties approved by the National Biosafety Board (NBB) for the purpose of food, feed and processing (FFP). Continuous breeding by seed developers has led to a large variety of GM maize and soybean with mult...

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Main Author:	Mohd Najib, Salehuddin Asyraf
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2021
Subjects:	Plant biotechnology
Online Access:	https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/60551/1/60551.pdf
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id	my-uitm-ir.60551
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spelling	my-uitm-ir.605512022-05-30T05:09:00Z Study on unintended metabolic interactions in genetically modified soybean with stacked events / Salehuddin Asyraf Mohd Najib 2021-11 Mohd Najib, Salehuddin Asyraf Plant biotechnology Malaysia imports a large amount of maize and soybean, included genetically-modified (GM) varieties approved by the National Biosafety Board (NBB) for the purpose of food, feed and processing (FFP). Continuous breeding by seed developers has led to a large variety of GM maize and soybean with multiple transgene inserts (‘stacked events’). This pose a new challenge to the risk assessment of these GM crops – the presence of two or several transgenes in one organism can lead to unintended and unpredicted effects and interactions, which may not be captured by the current data requirements. Proponents of biosafety regulation has long requested for the inclusion of metabolomics profiling data, which can provide a snapshot of a large number of metabolites, in the risk assessment of stacked events. Such ‘metabolic fingerprints’ techniques can technically be used to compare non-GM and stacked events GM crops and to uncover irregularities in the metabolism. This study was proposed to investigate the suitability of using metabolomic profiling to detect unpredicted effects when transgenes are stacked together, and to evaluate if such data will add value to the risk assessment process. Experiments were designed to eliminate as many confounding factors as possible by constructing and maintaining the sample materials under similar laboratory environment. Using standard molecular biology and plant tissue culture techniques, GM corn and soybean were constructed carrying the Pat and Cry1Ab transgenes, singly and in stack. Despite the success in developing the transgenic maize calli, none of them were able to develop into full leaves and thus were terminated at this point. On the other hand, it was found that while the presence and levels of certain metabolites are changed in non-GM, single GM and stacked GM of soybean samples, the overall metabolomic analysis is not able to clearly differentiate the metabolome profiles. Principle component analysis (PCA) of the data indicate that the first two components could at most explain for 25% of the variation between the 4 categories. Observations indicate that the inherent biological variability within and between the samples are large and tend to eclipse any variations induced by the genetic modifications. Thus, metabolomics data do not add value to the risk assessment of GM stacked events at this stage of technology. 2021-11 Thesis https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/60551/ https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/60551/1/60551.pdf text en public masters Universiti Teknologi MARA Faculty of Applied Sciences Foong Abdullah, Mohamad Faiz (Prof. Dr.)
institution	Universiti Teknologi MARA
collection	UiTM Institutional Repository
language	English
advisor	Foong Abdullah, Mohamad Faiz (Prof. Dr.)
topic	Plant biotechnology
spellingShingle	Plant biotechnology Mohd Najib, Salehuddin Asyraf Study on unintended metabolic interactions in genetically modified soybean with stacked events / Salehuddin Asyraf Mohd Najib
description	Malaysia imports a large amount of maize and soybean, included genetically-modified (GM) varieties approved by the National Biosafety Board (NBB) for the purpose of food, feed and processing (FFP). Continuous breeding by seed developers has led to a large variety of GM maize and soybean with multiple transgene inserts (‘stacked events’). This pose a new challenge to the risk assessment of these GM crops – the presence of two or several transgenes in one organism can lead to unintended and unpredicted effects and interactions, which may not be captured by the current data requirements. Proponents of biosafety regulation has long requested for the inclusion of metabolomics profiling data, which can provide a snapshot of a large number of metabolites, in the risk assessment of stacked events. Such ‘metabolic fingerprints’ techniques can technically be used to compare non-GM and stacked events GM crops and to uncover irregularities in the metabolism. This study was proposed to investigate the suitability of using metabolomic profiling to detect unpredicted effects when transgenes are stacked together, and to evaluate if such data will add value to the risk assessment process. Experiments were designed to eliminate as many confounding factors as possible by constructing and maintaining the sample materials under similar laboratory environment. Using standard molecular biology and plant tissue culture techniques, GM corn and soybean were constructed carrying the Pat and Cry1Ab transgenes, singly and in stack. Despite the success in developing the transgenic maize calli, none of them were able to develop into full leaves and thus were terminated at this point. On the other hand, it was found that while the presence and levels of certain metabolites are changed in non-GM, single GM and stacked GM of soybean samples, the overall metabolomic analysis is not able to clearly differentiate the metabolome profiles. Principle component analysis (PCA) of the data indicate that the first two components could at most explain for 25% of the variation between the 4 categories. Observations indicate that the inherent biological variability within and between the samples are large and tend to eclipse any variations induced by the genetic modifications. Thus, metabolomics data do not add value to the risk assessment of GM stacked events at this stage of technology.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Mohd Najib, Salehuddin Asyraf
author_facet	Mohd Najib, Salehuddin Asyraf
author_sort	Mohd Najib, Salehuddin Asyraf
title	Study on unintended metabolic interactions in genetically modified soybean with stacked events / Salehuddin Asyraf Mohd Najib
title_short	Study on unintended metabolic interactions in genetically modified soybean with stacked events / Salehuddin Asyraf Mohd Najib
title_full	Study on unintended metabolic interactions in genetically modified soybean with stacked events / Salehuddin Asyraf Mohd Najib
title_fullStr	Study on unintended metabolic interactions in genetically modified soybean with stacked events / Salehuddin Asyraf Mohd Najib
title_full_unstemmed	Study on unintended metabolic interactions in genetically modified soybean with stacked events / Salehuddin Asyraf Mohd Najib
title_sort	study on unintended metabolic interactions in genetically modified soybean with stacked events / salehuddin asyraf mohd najib
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi MARA
granting_department	Faculty of Applied Sciences
publishDate	2021
url	https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/60551/1/60551.pdf
_version_	1783735142201688064

Study on unintended metabolic interactions in genetically modified soybean with stacked events / Salehuddin Asyraf Mohd Najib

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