Security analysis using 3D GIS / Wan Shafrina Wan Mohd Jaafar

Security aspect during public events is becoming serious issues which merit special attention especially when there is a presence of a very important person (VIP). The monitoring of public security during public event has been continuously debated worldwide. Shooting is one serious aspect to securit...

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Main Author:	Wan Mohd Jaafar, Wan Shafrina
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2012
Subjects:	Geographic information systems Radar
Online Access:	https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/65204/1/65204.pdf
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id	my-uitm-ir.65204
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-uitm-ir.652042023-01-05T02:32:07Z Security analysis using 3D GIS / Wan Shafrina Wan Mohd Jaafar 2012 Wan Mohd Jaafar, Wan Shafrina Geographic information systems Radar Security aspect during public events is becoming serious issues which merit special attention especially when there is a presence of a very important person (VIP). The monitoring of public security during public event has been continuously debated worldwide. Shooting is one serious aspect to security since its poses a great threat to public security and can cause instant death. The advancement of spatial technology has generated great interest and currently is intensively being used for security purpose. The conventional method of security analysis in Malaysia which is based on manual observation and summation of the information gathered from various sources can be considered as less effective and would not be able to simulate the actual environment condition. The availability of 3 Dimensional (3D) building models generated from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data which gives exact information on real terrain are bringing new perspectives to security hotspot location assessment. The objectives of this study are to i) review the existing method in defense security field, ii) to test the accuracy of LiDAR data, iii) to identify and rank identified areas for all possible threats for security purposes using viewshed, distance and multi-criteria analysis and iv) to generate and simulate the security level relative to the generated 3D objects and conditions of surrounding area with the identified targeted area. Merdeka Square and the surrounding 1 kilometer which is situated in the heart of Kuala Lumpur are selected as study area. Two locations marked as Location A and Location B were used as the simulated targeted area. LiDAR data was used to generate the 3D urban city model and Digital Orthophoto was used as the background of the virtual constructed world. The main method used in this study was the viewshed and distance analysis combined with multi-criteria analysis. Interviews with Special Action Unit, Bukit Aman were carried out to gather information regarding VIP body guarding procedures during public event and to validate the study as a relevant method for security purpose. Three types of firearms were selected in this study, which were the handgun, rifle and sniper rifle. The firearms were chosen based on their capabilities in shooting on different effective range and their resulting damage. Analysis of data and an accuracy assessment using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were done to both horizontal and vertical planes over LiDAR data to test the accuracy of the data The RMSE for horizontal plane is 1.310 meter while for vertical plane is tested 1.708 meter with 95% confidence level with no outliers. After applying the multi-criteria analysis, 20 main buildings with hotspots were identified at location A and 21 buildings with hotspots identified at location B. After performing the multi-criteria analysis, sniping spot quality was made on these buildings in order to determine which building was best suited for sniping. In addition, rainfall effect analysis was also made to determine how much rainfall could affect the usage of assault weapon based on the visibility. Relative vertical profiling was also made to each building identified to confirm the reliability of the analysis. Possible shooting location was ranked, highlighted and mapped out in impressive 2D and 3D viewing GIS environment. As a conclusion, 3D GIS enhance the capability for security analysis. 2012 Thesis https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/65204/ https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/65204/1/65204.pdf text en public masters Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying Wan Mohd, Wan Mohd Naim
institution	Universiti Teknologi MARA
collection	UiTM Institutional Repository
language	English
advisor	Wan Mohd, Wan Mohd Naim
topic	Geographic information systems Radar
spellingShingle	Geographic information systems Radar Wan Mohd Jaafar, Wan Shafrina Security analysis using 3D GIS / Wan Shafrina Wan Mohd Jaafar
description	Security aspect during public events is becoming serious issues which merit special attention especially when there is a presence of a very important person (VIP). The monitoring of public security during public event has been continuously debated worldwide. Shooting is one serious aspect to security since its poses a great threat to public security and can cause instant death. The advancement of spatial technology has generated great interest and currently is intensively being used for security purpose. The conventional method of security analysis in Malaysia which is based on manual observation and summation of the information gathered from various sources can be considered as less effective and would not be able to simulate the actual environment condition. The availability of 3 Dimensional (3D) building models generated from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data which gives exact information on real terrain are bringing new perspectives to security hotspot location assessment. The objectives of this study are to i) review the existing method in defense security field, ii) to test the accuracy of LiDAR data, iii) to identify and rank identified areas for all possible threats for security purposes using viewshed, distance and multi-criteria analysis and iv) to generate and simulate the security level relative to the generated 3D objects and conditions of surrounding area with the identified targeted area. Merdeka Square and the surrounding 1 kilometer which is situated in the heart of Kuala Lumpur are selected as study area. Two locations marked as Location A and Location B were used as the simulated targeted area. LiDAR data was used to generate the 3D urban city model and Digital Orthophoto was used as the background of the virtual constructed world. The main method used in this study was the viewshed and distance analysis combined with multi-criteria analysis. Interviews with Special Action Unit, Bukit Aman were carried out to gather information regarding VIP body guarding procedures during public event and to validate the study as a relevant method for security purpose. Three types of firearms were selected in this study, which were the handgun, rifle and sniper rifle. The firearms were chosen based on their capabilities in shooting on different effective range and their resulting damage. Analysis of data and an accuracy assessment using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were done to both horizontal and vertical planes over LiDAR data to test the accuracy of the data The RMSE for horizontal plane is 1.310 meter while for vertical plane is tested 1.708 meter with 95% confidence level with no outliers. After applying the multi-criteria analysis, 20 main buildings with hotspots were identified at location A and 21 buildings with hotspots identified at location B. After performing the multi-criteria analysis, sniping spot quality was made on these buildings in order to determine which building was best suited for sniping. In addition, rainfall effect analysis was also made to determine how much rainfall could affect the usage of assault weapon based on the visibility. Relative vertical profiling was also made to each building identified to confirm the reliability of the analysis. Possible shooting location was ranked, highlighted and mapped out in impressive 2D and 3D viewing GIS environment. As a conclusion, 3D GIS enhance the capability for security analysis.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Wan Mohd Jaafar, Wan Shafrina
author_facet	Wan Mohd Jaafar, Wan Shafrina
author_sort	Wan Mohd Jaafar, Wan Shafrina
title	Security analysis using 3D GIS / Wan Shafrina Wan Mohd Jaafar
title_short	Security analysis using 3D GIS / Wan Shafrina Wan Mohd Jaafar
title_full	Security analysis using 3D GIS / Wan Shafrina Wan Mohd Jaafar
title_fullStr	Security analysis using 3D GIS / Wan Shafrina Wan Mohd Jaafar
title_full_unstemmed	Security analysis using 3D GIS / Wan Shafrina Wan Mohd Jaafar
title_sort	security analysis using 3d gis / wan shafrina wan mohd jaafar
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)
granting_department	Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying
publishDate	2012
url	https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/65204/1/65204.pdf
_version_	1783735543396302848

Security analysis using 3D GIS / Wan Shafrina Wan Mohd Jaafar

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