Mechanical and thermal properties of biodegradable composite from kenaf fibre and polylactic acid polymer / Wan Nor Raihan Wan Jaafar

Natural fibre (kenaf fibre) reinforced natural polymer, polylactic acid (PLA) was used for production of composites, where end life disposal is harmful to human and environment and able to self degraded. It is due to abundance of solid waste accumulation especially from plastic materials that seriou...

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Main Author:	Wan Jaafar, Wan Nor Raihan
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2016
Subjects:	Nonmetallic materials
Online Access:	https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/67534/1/67534.pdf
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id	my-uitm-ir.67534
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spelling	my-uitm-ir.675342023-03-06T08:55:23Z Mechanical and thermal properties of biodegradable composite from kenaf fibre and polylactic acid polymer / Wan Nor Raihan Wan Jaafar 2016 Wan Jaafar, Wan Nor Raihan Nonmetallic materials Natural fibre (kenaf fibre) reinforced natural polymer, polylactic acid (PLA) was used for production of composites, where end life disposal is harmful to human and environment and able to self degraded. It is due to abundance of solid waste accumulation especially from plastic materials that seriously has taken numerous attentions. Kenaf bast and core fibre was separated and treated similarly to reinforce PLA. The effect of preparation condition such as acid hydrochloric concentration, extrusion rotation speed and amount of fibre loading was used to investigate composites properties. While the effect of natural weathering and landfill burial on composites properties was investigated for its degradation. Kenaf fibre was treated at 6% w/w NaOH followed by various HC1 concentrations (0.5 M, 1.0 M, and 1.5 M). Fibres were then cryo-crushed to reduce size and compounded with PLA at various rotation speed (60, 70, and 80 rpm) and fibre loading (2, 4, and 6%) to determine the optimum parameter. Mechanical properties (flexural and impact), thermal properties (TGA and DSC), microscopic observation (SEM and TEM), Fourier Transform Infra- Red (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were done for the investigation of the composites properties. Results reveal that treatment at 1.0 M HC1, with 60 rpm extrusion speed and 2% fibre loading has optimum properties for both KBC and KCC. Interestingly, KCC has comparable strength with KBC where statistical analysis shows no significant difference in the value of most mechanical properties. Although KCC present slightly lower thermal stability than KBC, temperature difference was in smaller range. It is proved that reinforcing ability of kenaf core fibre is as similar as kenaf bast fibre. In addition, reinforced composites (KBC and KCC) have shown positive self-degradation compared to neat PLA and more degradation was visible using landfill burial than natural weathering condition with almost 15 - 19% and 2 - 4% weight loss respectively after 6 month exposure. Due to slow degradation on natural weathering condition, KBC and KCC are useful for self-degraded materials for outdoor application against Malaysian weather. 2016 Thesis https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/67534/ https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/67534/1/67534.pdf text en public phd doctoral Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Faculty of Applied Sciences Surip, Siti Norasmah
institution	Universiti Teknologi MARA
collection	UiTM Institutional Repository
language	English
advisor	Surip, Siti Norasmah
topic	Nonmetallic materials
spellingShingle	Nonmetallic materials Wan Jaafar, Wan Nor Raihan Mechanical and thermal properties of biodegradable composite from kenaf fibre and polylactic acid polymer / Wan Nor Raihan Wan Jaafar
description	Natural fibre (kenaf fibre) reinforced natural polymer, polylactic acid (PLA) was used for production of composites, where end life disposal is harmful to human and environment and able to self degraded. It is due to abundance of solid waste accumulation especially from plastic materials that seriously has taken numerous attentions. Kenaf bast and core fibre was separated and treated similarly to reinforce PLA. The effect of preparation condition such as acid hydrochloric concentration, extrusion rotation speed and amount of fibre loading was used to investigate composites properties. While the effect of natural weathering and landfill burial on composites properties was investigated for its degradation. Kenaf fibre was treated at 6% w/w NaOH followed by various HC1 concentrations (0.5 M, 1.0 M, and 1.5 M). Fibres were then cryo-crushed to reduce size and compounded with PLA at various rotation speed (60, 70, and 80 rpm) and fibre loading (2, 4, and 6%) to determine the optimum parameter. Mechanical properties (flexural and impact), thermal properties (TGA and DSC), microscopic observation (SEM and TEM), Fourier Transform Infra- Red (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were done for the investigation of the composites properties. Results reveal that treatment at 1.0 M HC1, with 60 rpm extrusion speed and 2% fibre loading has optimum properties for both KBC and KCC. Interestingly, KCC has comparable strength with KBC where statistical analysis shows no significant difference in the value of most mechanical properties. Although KCC present slightly lower thermal stability than KBC, temperature difference was in smaller range. It is proved that reinforcing ability of kenaf core fibre is as similar as kenaf bast fibre. In addition, reinforced composites (KBC and KCC) have shown positive self-degradation compared to neat PLA and more degradation was visible using landfill burial than natural weathering condition with almost 15 - 19% and 2 - 4% weight loss respectively after 6 month exposure. Due to slow degradation on natural weathering condition, KBC and KCC are useful for self-degraded materials for outdoor application against Malaysian weather.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Wan Jaafar, Wan Nor Raihan
author_facet	Wan Jaafar, Wan Nor Raihan
author_sort	Wan Jaafar, Wan Nor Raihan
title	Mechanical and thermal properties of biodegradable composite from kenaf fibre and polylactic acid polymer / Wan Nor Raihan Wan Jaafar
title_short	Mechanical and thermal properties of biodegradable composite from kenaf fibre and polylactic acid polymer / Wan Nor Raihan Wan Jaafar
title_full	Mechanical and thermal properties of biodegradable composite from kenaf fibre and polylactic acid polymer / Wan Nor Raihan Wan Jaafar
title_fullStr	Mechanical and thermal properties of biodegradable composite from kenaf fibre and polylactic acid polymer / Wan Nor Raihan Wan Jaafar
title_full_unstemmed	Mechanical and thermal properties of biodegradable composite from kenaf fibre and polylactic acid polymer / Wan Nor Raihan Wan Jaafar
title_sort	mechanical and thermal properties of biodegradable composite from kenaf fibre and polylactic acid polymer / wan nor raihan wan jaafar
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)
granting_department	Faculty of Applied Sciences
publishDate	2016
url	https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/67534/1/67534.pdf
_version_	1783735695798435840

Mechanical and thermal properties of biodegradable composite from kenaf fibre and polylactic acid polymer / Wan Nor Raihan Wan Jaafar

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