Evaluation of precision operation of tractor - mounted nitrogen active light sensor using autopilot steering mode on immature oil palm field / Rohaida Mohammad

Precision agriculture has been developed for assisting farmers in precise fertilizer application in Malaysia. The tractor-mounted N-sensor with Active Light Sensor (ALS) has been introduced to utilization for monitoring N-status at the Malaysian paddy field. However, the application of this smart te...

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Main Author:	Mohammad, Rohaida
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2022
Subjects:	Fertilizers and improvement of the soil Technological innovations
Online Access:	https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/72944/1/72944.pdf
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id	my-uitm-ir.72944
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-uitm-ir.729442023-02-01T13:54:26Z Evaluation of precision operation of tractor - mounted nitrogen active light sensor using autopilot steering mode on immature oil palm field / Rohaida Mohammad 2022 Mohammad, Rohaida Fertilizers and improvement of the soil Technological innovations Precision agriculture has been developed for assisting farmers in precise fertilizer application in Malaysia. The tractor-mounted N-sensor with Active Light Sensor (ALS) has been introduced to utilization for monitoring N-status at the Malaysian paddy field. However, the application of this smart technology for other major crops such as oil palm has not been yet studied. Thus, the study was conducted to evaluate the precision operation of tractor-mounted Nitrogen ALS with manual and autopilot steering on the immature oil palm field in Malaysian oil palm plantation. In this study, the Nitrogen status on immature palms was identified and visualized by using tractor-mounted sensor “on-the-go” at every second while the tractor moving in the field. The data from N-sensor was analyzed based on Nitrogen uptake at 46 % for a normal requirement for immature oil palm. The interpolation maps of the Nitrogen status were developed by using the kriging method in ArcGIS 10.3 software and successfully shown the spatiality and variability of N-status on the immature oil palms. The maps can be used as a reference in applying variable rate application (VRA) to optimize the fertilizer usage for the oil palm. Besides that, the performance of manual and autopilot steering modes of the tractor-mounted N-sensor was also evaluated from the aspects of heart rate and human energy expenditure of the operator. The heart rate of the operator in driving with autopilot mode was 91 beats/min or 11.65% reduction as compared to 103 beats/min with manual steering mode. A similar reduction also occurred for the human energy expenditure of the operator in driving the tractor with autopilot mode. It was recorded that the human energy expenditure of the operator was 11.27 kcal/min when driving with autopilot steering mode or 33.27% lower than that manual steering mode of 16.89 kcal/min. The differences showed the autopilot steering mode can save energy of tractor operators or lighten the job during handling tractor. Generally, the findings can promote a real-time method in assessing Nitrogen status in Malaysian oil palm plantations and encourage variable rate application (VRA) to save fertilizer costs for strengthening the competitiveness and the sustainability of the oil palm plantation industry about 0.7 kg/ha @ 1.62% on field. 2022 Thesis https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/72944/ https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/72944/1/72944.pdf text en public masters Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology El Pebrian, Darius Razali, Mohd Hudzari
institution	Universiti Teknologi MARA
collection	UiTM Institutional Repository
language	English
advisor	El Pebrian, Darius Razali, Mohd Hudzari
topic	Fertilizers and improvement of the soil Technological innovations
spellingShingle	Fertilizers and improvement of the soil Technological innovations Mohammad, Rohaida Evaluation of precision operation of tractor - mounted nitrogen active light sensor using autopilot steering mode on immature oil palm field / Rohaida Mohammad
description	Precision agriculture has been developed for assisting farmers in precise fertilizer application in Malaysia. The tractor-mounted N-sensor with Active Light Sensor (ALS) has been introduced to utilization for monitoring N-status at the Malaysian paddy field. However, the application of this smart technology for other major crops such as oil palm has not been yet studied. Thus, the study was conducted to evaluate the precision operation of tractor-mounted Nitrogen ALS with manual and autopilot steering on the immature oil palm field in Malaysian oil palm plantation. In this study, the Nitrogen status on immature palms was identified and visualized by using tractor-mounted sensor “on-the-go” at every second while the tractor moving in the field. The data from N-sensor was analyzed based on Nitrogen uptake at 46 % for a normal requirement for immature oil palm. The interpolation maps of the Nitrogen status were developed by using the kriging method in ArcGIS 10.3 software and successfully shown the spatiality and variability of N-status on the immature oil palms. The maps can be used as a reference in applying variable rate application (VRA) to optimize the fertilizer usage for the oil palm. Besides that, the performance of manual and autopilot steering modes of the tractor-mounted N-sensor was also evaluated from the aspects of heart rate and human energy expenditure of the operator. The heart rate of the operator in driving with autopilot mode was 91 beats/min or 11.65% reduction as compared to 103 beats/min with manual steering mode. A similar reduction also occurred for the human energy expenditure of the operator in driving the tractor with autopilot mode. It was recorded that the human energy expenditure of the operator was 11.27 kcal/min when driving with autopilot steering mode or 33.27% lower than that manual steering mode of 16.89 kcal/min. The differences showed the autopilot steering mode can save energy of tractor operators or lighten the job during handling tractor. Generally, the findings can promote a real-time method in assessing Nitrogen status in Malaysian oil palm plantations and encourage variable rate application (VRA) to save fertilizer costs for strengthening the competitiveness and the sustainability of the oil palm plantation industry about 0.7 kg/ha @ 1.62% on field.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Mohammad, Rohaida
author_facet	Mohammad, Rohaida
author_sort	Mohammad, Rohaida
title	Evaluation of precision operation of tractor - mounted nitrogen active light sensor using autopilot steering mode on immature oil palm field / Rohaida Mohammad
title_short	Evaluation of precision operation of tractor - mounted nitrogen active light sensor using autopilot steering mode on immature oil palm field / Rohaida Mohammad
title_full	Evaluation of precision operation of tractor - mounted nitrogen active light sensor using autopilot steering mode on immature oil palm field / Rohaida Mohammad
title_fullStr	Evaluation of precision operation of tractor - mounted nitrogen active light sensor using autopilot steering mode on immature oil palm field / Rohaida Mohammad
title_full_unstemmed	Evaluation of precision operation of tractor - mounted nitrogen active light sensor using autopilot steering mode on immature oil palm field / Rohaida Mohammad
title_sort	evaluation of precision operation of tractor - mounted nitrogen active light sensor using autopilot steering mode on immature oil palm field / rohaida mohammad
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)
granting_department	Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology
publishDate	2022
url	https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/72944/1/72944.pdf
_version_	1783735964255911936

Evaluation of precision operation of tractor - mounted nitrogen active light sensor using autopilot steering mode on immature oil palm field / Rohaida Mohammad

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