Effect of Bi substitution on structural, optical, magnetic and electrical properties of Nd₁₋ₓBiₓMnO₃ and Nd₀.₇₅₋ₓBiₓNa₀.₂₅MnO₃ / Nurul Atiqah Azhar

Effect of Bi substitution on structural, optical, magnetic and electrical properties of Nd₁₋ₓBiₓMnO₃ and Nd₀.₇₅₋ₓBiₓNa₀.₂₅MnO₃ / Nurul Atiqah Azhar

The samples of Nd1-xBixMnO3 (x = 0, 0.25 and 0.50) and Nd0.75-xBixNa0.25MnO3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15) were synthesised using a conventional solid-state method to investigate the effect of Bi substitution on their structural, optical, magnetic, and electrical properties. The XRD analysis using th...

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Main Author: Azhar, Nurul Atiqah
Format: Thesis
Language:English
Published: 2023
Online Access:https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/85702/1/85702.pdf
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spelling my-uitm-ir.857022024-01-02T07:42:36Z Effect of Bi substitution on structural, optical, magnetic and electrical properties of Nd₁₋ₓBiₓMnO₃ and Nd₀.₇₅₋ₓBiₓNa₀.₂₅MnO₃ / Nurul Atiqah Azhar 2023 Azhar, Nurul Atiqah The samples of Nd1-xBixMnO3 (x = 0, 0.25 and 0.50) and Nd0.75-xBixNa0.25MnO3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15) were synthesised using a conventional solid-state method to investigate the effect of Bi substitution on their structural, optical, magnetic, and electrical properties. The XRD analysis using the Rietveld refinement method has shown an increase in structural parameters and unit cell volume as Bi was substituted to both samples, indicating the possibility of substitution for the A-site. The FTIR analysis was carried out for all the samples and showed a significant band around 550 to 600 cm-1, corresponding to the vibration of Mn-O bonds. The SEM and EDX analysis were performed for all the samples, and the average grain size for all the samples was increased as Bi was substituted into the system. The morphologies of the samples also revealed that all the samples were agglomerated and non-spherical in shape. The EDX spectrum shows that all the elements existed in the samples. The UV-Vis measurement for all the samples has been analysed using two different methods: Kubelka-Munk and Tauc’s plot. The value of bandgap obtained for both methods are comparable and decreased as the substitution of Bi in the samples increased from 3.44 eV to 1.85 eV for Nd1-xBixMnO3 (x = 0, 0.25 and 0.50) and from 2.32 eV to 2.24 eV for Nd0.75-xBixNa0.25MnO3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15). The magnetic properties of the samples were analysed using AC susceptibility and showed a transition of antiferromagnetic (AFM) to paramagnetic (PM) for all the samples. The samples of Nd1-xBixMnO3 (x = 0, 0.25 and 0.50) show a decrease in Neel temperature, TN and Curie temperature, TC, which indicates the weakening of the ferromagnetic behaviour due to double exchange interaction. On the other hand, the appearance of the charge ordering temperature, TCO, was observed for the Nd0.75-xBixNa0.25MnO3 samples at ~ 176 K (x=0) and disappeared at further substitution. The Neel temperature, TN for the samples at x=0 to x=0.15 were decreased from 188 K to 178 K. The electrical properties for the Nd0.75-xBixNa0.25MnO3 were determined using the resistivity measurement has shown that all the Bi-doped samples exhibit insulating behaviour for the entire temperature region. The insulator region was fitted using small polaron hopping (SPH) model, showing an increase in activation energy from 176 meV to 197.89 meV. 2023 Thesis https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/85702/ https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/85702/1/85702.pdf text en public masters Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Faculty of Applied Science Mohamed, Zakiah
institution Universiti Teknologi MARA
collection UiTM Institutional Repository
language English
advisor Mohamed, Zakiah
description The samples of Nd1-xBixMnO3 (x = 0, 0.25 and 0.50) and Nd0.75-xBixNa0.25MnO3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15) were synthesised using a conventional solid-state method to investigate the effect of Bi substitution on their structural, optical, magnetic, and electrical properties. The XRD analysis using the Rietveld refinement method has shown an increase in structural parameters and unit cell volume as Bi was substituted to both samples, indicating the possibility of substitution for the A-site. The FTIR analysis was carried out for all the samples and showed a significant band around 550 to 600 cm-1, corresponding to the vibration of Mn-O bonds. The SEM and EDX analysis were performed for all the samples, and the average grain size for all the samples was increased as Bi was substituted into the system. The morphologies of the samples also revealed that all the samples were agglomerated and non-spherical in shape. The EDX spectrum shows that all the elements existed in the samples. The UV-Vis measurement for all the samples has been analysed using two different methods: Kubelka-Munk and Tauc’s plot. The value of bandgap obtained for both methods are comparable and decreased as the substitution of Bi in the samples increased from 3.44 eV to 1.85 eV for Nd1-xBixMnO3 (x = 0, 0.25 and 0.50) and from 2.32 eV to 2.24 eV for Nd0.75-xBixNa0.25MnO3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15). The magnetic properties of the samples were analysed using AC susceptibility and showed a transition of antiferromagnetic (AFM) to paramagnetic (PM) for all the samples. The samples of Nd1-xBixMnO3 (x = 0, 0.25 and 0.50) show a decrease in Neel temperature, TN and Curie temperature, TC, which indicates the weakening of the ferromagnetic behaviour due to double exchange interaction. On the other hand, the appearance of the charge ordering temperature, TCO, was observed for the Nd0.75-xBixNa0.25MnO3 samples at ~ 176 K (x=0) and disappeared at further substitution. The Neel temperature, TN for the samples at x=0 to x=0.15 were decreased from 188 K to 178 K. The electrical properties for the Nd0.75-xBixNa0.25MnO3 were determined using the resistivity measurement has shown that all the Bi-doped samples exhibit insulating behaviour for the entire temperature region. The insulator region was fitted using small polaron hopping (SPH) model, showing an increase in activation energy from 176 meV to 197.89 meV.
format Thesis
qualification_level Master's degree
author Azhar, Nurul Atiqah
spellingShingle Azhar, Nurul Atiqah
Effect of Bi substitution on structural, optical, magnetic and electrical properties of Nd₁₋ₓBiₓMnO₃ and Nd₀.₇₅₋ₓBiₓNa₀.₂₅MnO₃ / Nurul Atiqah Azhar
author_facet Azhar, Nurul Atiqah
author_sort Azhar, Nurul Atiqah
title Effect of Bi substitution on structural, optical, magnetic and electrical properties of Nd₁₋ₓBiₓMnO₃ and Nd₀.₇₅₋ₓBiₓNa₀.₂₅MnO₃ / Nurul Atiqah Azhar
title_short Effect of Bi substitution on structural, optical, magnetic and electrical properties of Nd₁₋ₓBiₓMnO₃ and Nd₀.₇₅₋ₓBiₓNa₀.₂₅MnO₃ / Nurul Atiqah Azhar
title_full Effect of Bi substitution on structural, optical, magnetic and electrical properties of Nd₁₋ₓBiₓMnO₃ and Nd₀.₇₅₋ₓBiₓNa₀.₂₅MnO₃ / Nurul Atiqah Azhar
title_fullStr Effect of Bi substitution on structural, optical, magnetic and electrical properties of Nd₁₋ₓBiₓMnO₃ and Nd₀.₇₅₋ₓBiₓNa₀.₂₅MnO₃ / Nurul Atiqah Azhar
title_full_unstemmed Effect of Bi substitution on structural, optical, magnetic and electrical properties of Nd₁₋ₓBiₓMnO₃ and Nd₀.₇₅₋ₓBiₓNa₀.₂₅MnO₃ / Nurul Atiqah Azhar
title_sort effect of bi substitution on structural, optical, magnetic and electrical properties of nd₁₋ₓbiₓmno₃ and nd₀.₇₅₋ₓbiₓna₀.₂₅mno₃ / nurul atiqah azhar
granting_institution Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)
granting_department Faculty of Applied Science
publishDate 2023
url https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/85702/1/85702.pdf
_version_ 1794192092181823488

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