Synthesis of bio-polyol through continuous hydroxylation of epoxidized palm oleic acid / Intan Suhada Azmi

The world’s consumption of raw materials has shifted from the use of non-renewable materials to renewable materials. Studies on greener epoxidation by using vegetable oils to produce eco-friendly polyol have also increased. Polyols are polymers that contain hydroxyl groups in their structure. They h...

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Main Author:	Azmi, Intan Suhada
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2023
Subjects:	Palm oil
Online Access:	https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/88737/1/88737.pdf
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id	my-uitm-ir.88737
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-uitm-ir.887372023-12-25T22:59:23Z Synthesis of bio-polyol through continuous hydroxylation of epoxidized palm oleic acid / Intan Suhada Azmi 2023 Azmi, Intan Suhada Palm oil The world’s consumption of raw materials has shifted from the use of non-renewable materials to renewable materials. Studies on greener epoxidation by using vegetable oils to produce eco-friendly polyol have also increased. Polyols are polymers that contain hydroxyl groups in their structure. They have a relevant commercial value as building blocks, intermediates in organic synthesis, or precursors for production of polyurethane. Epoxidation and hydroxylation are the most widely used methods for the synthesis of polyol because of their low cost and lower environmental impact. However, in previous studies, the typical palm-based polyol produced by this method had low hydroxyl values of less than 200 mg KOH/g, limiting its application in certain polymer formulations such as rigid polyurethane foams. The low hydroxyl values are due to no consideration of oxirane stability, which can provide sufficient time for the alcohol to react with epoxide for the formation of polyols. The aim of this study is to produce a polyol-based epoxidized palm oleic acid (PEPOA) with a high hydroxyl value by a novel method, continuous hydroxylation of epoxidized palm oleic acid (EPOA). Starting from raw palm oleic acid (POA), the double bonds are functionalized by introducing epoxy groups and ring-opened to produce hydroxyl groups. The alcohol (methanol) was used as a ring opening reagent. Epoxidation by in situ peracid mechanism via the used of heterogeneous catalyst (titanium dioxide) was applied in this study. The Taguchi method was applied to optimize the epoxidation process for the synthesis of maximum EPOA in terms of oxirane yield and stability as an intermediate product. 2023 Thesis https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/88737/ https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/88737/1/88737.pdf text en public phd doctoral Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) College of Engineering -, Abdul Hadi Md Som, Ayub Ngadi, Norzita
institution	Universiti Teknologi MARA
collection	UiTM Institutional Repository
language	English
advisor	-, Abdul Hadi Md Som, Ayub Ngadi, Norzita
topic	Palm oil
spellingShingle	Palm oil Azmi, Intan Suhada Synthesis of bio-polyol through continuous hydroxylation of epoxidized palm oleic acid / Intan Suhada Azmi
description	The world’s consumption of raw materials has shifted from the use of non-renewable materials to renewable materials. Studies on greener epoxidation by using vegetable oils to produce eco-friendly polyol have also increased. Polyols are polymers that contain hydroxyl groups in their structure. They have a relevant commercial value as building blocks, intermediates in organic synthesis, or precursors for production of polyurethane. Epoxidation and hydroxylation are the most widely used methods for the synthesis of polyol because of their low cost and lower environmental impact. However, in previous studies, the typical palm-based polyol produced by this method had low hydroxyl values of less than 200 mg KOH/g, limiting its application in certain polymer formulations such as rigid polyurethane foams. The low hydroxyl values are due to no consideration of oxirane stability, which can provide sufficient time for the alcohol to react with epoxide for the formation of polyols. The aim of this study is to produce a polyol-based epoxidized palm oleic acid (PEPOA) with a high hydroxyl value by a novel method, continuous hydroxylation of epoxidized palm oleic acid (EPOA). Starting from raw palm oleic acid (POA), the double bonds are functionalized by introducing epoxy groups and ring-opened to produce hydroxyl groups. The alcohol (methanol) was used as a ring opening reagent. Epoxidation by in situ peracid mechanism via the used of heterogeneous catalyst (titanium dioxide) was applied in this study. The Taguchi method was applied to optimize the epoxidation process for the synthesis of maximum EPOA in terms of oxirane yield and stability as an intermediate product.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Azmi, Intan Suhada
author_facet	Azmi, Intan Suhada
author_sort	Azmi, Intan Suhada
title	Synthesis of bio-polyol through continuous hydroxylation of epoxidized palm oleic acid / Intan Suhada Azmi
title_short	Synthesis of bio-polyol through continuous hydroxylation of epoxidized palm oleic acid / Intan Suhada Azmi
title_full	Synthesis of bio-polyol through continuous hydroxylation of epoxidized palm oleic acid / Intan Suhada Azmi
title_fullStr	Synthesis of bio-polyol through continuous hydroxylation of epoxidized palm oleic acid / Intan Suhada Azmi
title_full_unstemmed	Synthesis of bio-polyol through continuous hydroxylation of epoxidized palm oleic acid / Intan Suhada Azmi
title_sort	synthesis of bio-polyol through continuous hydroxylation of epoxidized palm oleic acid / intan suhada azmi
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)
granting_department	College of Engineering
publishDate	2023
url	https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/88737/1/88737.pdf
_version_	1794192150798270464

Synthesis of bio-polyol through continuous hydroxylation of epoxidized palm oleic acid / Intan Suhada Azmi

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