Studies on diatoms biosilica isolation and purification / Syafiqa Hayati Mohd Ali

Diatoms are a major group of microalgae known for their unique siliceous cell wall called frustules. Diatoms biosilica are widely investigated and applied in multi- disciplines due to micro- to nano-sized porous structure of the frustules and biocompatibility. Reports on applications of diatoms bios...

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Main Author:	Mohd Ali, Syafiqa Hayati
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2019
Subjects:	Botanical chemistry Phytochemicals
Online Access:	https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/89256/1/89256.pdf
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spelling	my-uitm-ir.892562024-04-29T00:29:48Z Studies on diatoms biosilica isolation and purification / Syafiqa Hayati Mohd Ali 2019 Mohd Ali, Syafiqa Hayati Botanical chemistry. Phytochemicals Diatoms are a major group of microalgae known for their unique siliceous cell wall called frustules. Diatoms biosilica are widely investigated and applied in multi- disciplines due to micro- to nano-sized porous structure of the frustules and biocompatibility. Reports on applications of diatoms biosilica are abundant in biotechnology, yet the standard protocol on extracting and purifying the biosilica are still scarce. Therefore, this study aims to refine and assess the methods for diatoms biosilica extraction by using locally isolated marine diatoms. For this, marine diatoms were isolated from different spots in Pantai Remis, Kuala Selangor and their in vitro growth were adapted in Tris-phosphate seawater medium (TP-SW). PCR analysis with primers targeting 18S rDNA gene was performed to identify the species. Culture of diatoms were harvested at exponential growth phase and subjected to three biosilica extractions method which are Method A, Method B, and Method C. Assessment for the extracted diatoms biosilica was executed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination. It was found that TP-SW can support the growth of marine diatoms though the medium has yet to be optimized for high biomass of wide range of diatoms. PCR analysis resulted in eight genera of diatoms from a total of ten samples. They were Cylindrotheca, Thalassiosira, Amphora, Nitzschia, Minutocellus, Cocconeis, Navicula and Halamphora. Based on SEM examination, all methods have revealed the morphological features of diatoms frustules. Method A produced the best quality of biosilica compared to Method B and Method C. Biosilica from Method A yielded the highest number of detached and intact frustules that are cleaned from debris and organic material. In conclusion, all three methods assessed in this study have provided useful information for future investigation on chemical and mechanical treatments involved to isolate and purify biosilica from local diatoms. Adaptation of diatoms from Pantai Remis in TP-SW medium has furnished the knowledge to develop an artificial medium for wide-range Malaysian diatoms species. The goal of establishing a standard method to obtain high quality biosilica from Malaysian diatoms is attainable with further research. 2019 Thesis https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/89256/ https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/89256/1/89256.pdf text en public masters Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Faculty of Pharmacy Ahmad, Norazlina
institution	Universiti Teknologi MARA
collection	UiTM Institutional Repository
language	English
advisor	Ahmad, Norazlina
topic	Botanical chemistry Phytochemicals
spellingShingle	Botanical chemistry Phytochemicals Mohd Ali, Syafiqa Hayati Studies on diatoms biosilica isolation and purification / Syafiqa Hayati Mohd Ali
description	Diatoms are a major group of microalgae known for their unique siliceous cell wall called frustules. Diatoms biosilica are widely investigated and applied in multi- disciplines due to micro- to nano-sized porous structure of the frustules and biocompatibility. Reports on applications of diatoms biosilica are abundant in biotechnology, yet the standard protocol on extracting and purifying the biosilica are still scarce. Therefore, this study aims to refine and assess the methods for diatoms biosilica extraction by using locally isolated marine diatoms. For this, marine diatoms were isolated from different spots in Pantai Remis, Kuala Selangor and their in vitro growth were adapted in Tris-phosphate seawater medium (TP-SW). PCR analysis with primers targeting 18S rDNA gene was performed to identify the species. Culture of diatoms were harvested at exponential growth phase and subjected to three biosilica extractions method which are Method A, Method B, and Method C. Assessment for the extracted diatoms biosilica was executed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination. It was found that TP-SW can support the growth of marine diatoms though the medium has yet to be optimized for high biomass of wide range of diatoms. PCR analysis resulted in eight genera of diatoms from a total of ten samples. They were Cylindrotheca, Thalassiosira, Amphora, Nitzschia, Minutocellus, Cocconeis, Navicula and Halamphora. Based on SEM examination, all methods have revealed the morphological features of diatoms frustules. Method A produced the best quality of biosilica compared to Method B and Method C. Biosilica from Method A yielded the highest number of detached and intact frustules that are cleaned from debris and organic material. In conclusion, all three methods assessed in this study have provided useful information for future investigation on chemical and mechanical treatments involved to isolate and purify biosilica from local diatoms. Adaptation of diatoms from Pantai Remis in TP-SW medium has furnished the knowledge to develop an artificial medium for wide-range Malaysian diatoms species. The goal of establishing a standard method to obtain high quality biosilica from Malaysian diatoms is attainable with further research.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Mohd Ali, Syafiqa Hayati
author_facet	Mohd Ali, Syafiqa Hayati
author_sort	Mohd Ali, Syafiqa Hayati
title	Studies on diatoms biosilica isolation and purification / Syafiqa Hayati Mohd Ali
title_short	Studies on diatoms biosilica isolation and purification / Syafiqa Hayati Mohd Ali
title_full	Studies on diatoms biosilica isolation and purification / Syafiqa Hayati Mohd Ali
title_fullStr	Studies on diatoms biosilica isolation and purification / Syafiqa Hayati Mohd Ali
title_full_unstemmed	Studies on diatoms biosilica isolation and purification / Syafiqa Hayati Mohd Ali
title_sort	studies on diatoms biosilica isolation and purification / syafiqa hayati mohd ali
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)
granting_department	Faculty of Pharmacy
publishDate	2019
url	https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/89256/1/89256.pdf
_version_	1804889809059053568

Studies on diatoms biosilica isolation and purification / Syafiqa Hayati Mohd Ali

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