Biobased composite heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production / Intan Suraya Johari

This research focuses on addressing the higher production costs associated with biodiesel as an alternative fuel to crude oil. To overcome this challenge, biobased catalysts are proposed, derived from three different biomasses: eggshell, sawdust, and sugarcane bagasse. By utilizing these three bioma...

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Main Author:	Johari, Intan Suraya
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2024
Subjects:	Fuel Palm oil
Online Access:	https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/93878/1/93878.pdf
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id	my-uitm-ir.93878
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-uitm-ir.938782024-08-11T13:55:20Z Biobased composite heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production / Intan Suraya Johari 2024 Johari, Intan Suraya Fuel Palm oil This research focuses on addressing the higher production costs associated with biodiesel as an alternative fuel to crude oil. To overcome this challenge, biobased catalysts are proposed, derived from three different biomasses: eggshell, sawdust, and sugarcane bagasse. By utilizing these three biomasses, the limitations of a single metal catalyst can be mitigated. The objective of this study is to develop heterogeneous base catalysts for palm oil transesterification as an alternative to homogeneous counterparts. The process involves drying waste eggshell, crushing it into powder, and subjecting it to calcination at 900°C for 3 hours. Sugarcane bagasse is dried, ground into fine powder, and undergoes calcination at 550°C for 6 hours. Similarly, sawdust is dried and subjected to calcination at 550°C for 6 hours. The palm oil used in the study exhibited an acid value of 0.5 mg KOH/g, a density of 908 kg/cm3 at 26℃, and a viscosity of 65.5 mm²/s. Various catalysts, derived from calcined eggshell, sugarcane bagasse, and sawdust, were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The calcined eggshell displayed a deformed spherical shape due to aggregation during calcination at 900°C, while calcined sugarcane bagasse exhibited irregular sheet-like pellets, and calcined sawdust showed stable agglomerates and irregularly accumulated particles. The elemental composition, analysed through EDX, confirmed the presence of specific components in each catalyst. The CaO-SiO2-AC catalyst, with a BET surface area of 6.5431, pore volume of 0.015918, and pore size of 9.7309, induced a colour change in phenolphthalein and 4-nitroaniline solutions, indicating strong basic sites. Optimized parameters, including a 9:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 6 wt% catalyst loading for Batch 1, 3 wt% for Batch 2, and reaction times of 3 hours for Batch 1 and 2 hours for Batch 2, resulted in high biodiesel conversions of 82.94% and 77.10%, respectively. 2024 Thesis https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/93878/ https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/93878/1/93878.pdf text en public degree Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang Faculty of Applied Sciences
institution	Universiti Teknologi MARA
collection	UiTM Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	Fuel Palm oil
spellingShingle	Fuel Palm oil Johari, Intan Suraya Biobased composite heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production / Intan Suraya Johari
description	This research focuses on addressing the higher production costs associated with biodiesel as an alternative fuel to crude oil. To overcome this challenge, biobased catalysts are proposed, derived from three different biomasses: eggshell, sawdust, and sugarcane bagasse. By utilizing these three biomasses, the limitations of a single metal catalyst can be mitigated. The objective of this study is to develop heterogeneous base catalysts for palm oil transesterification as an alternative to homogeneous counterparts. The process involves drying waste eggshell, crushing it into powder, and subjecting it to calcination at 900°C for 3 hours. Sugarcane bagasse is dried, ground into fine powder, and undergoes calcination at 550°C for 6 hours. Similarly, sawdust is dried and subjected to calcination at 550°C for 6 hours. The palm oil used in the study exhibited an acid value of 0.5 mg KOH/g, a density of 908 kg/cm3 at 26℃, and a viscosity of 65.5 mm²/s. Various catalysts, derived from calcined eggshell, sugarcane bagasse, and sawdust, were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The calcined eggshell displayed a deformed spherical shape due to aggregation during calcination at 900°C, while calcined sugarcane bagasse exhibited irregular sheet-like pellets, and calcined sawdust showed stable agglomerates and irregularly accumulated particles. The elemental composition, analysed through EDX, confirmed the presence of specific components in each catalyst. The CaO-SiO2-AC catalyst, with a BET surface area of 6.5431, pore volume of 0.015918, and pore size of 9.7309, induced a colour change in phenolphthalein and 4-nitroaniline solutions, indicating strong basic sites. Optimized parameters, including a 9:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 6 wt% catalyst loading for Batch 1, 3 wt% for Batch 2, and reaction times of 3 hours for Batch 1 and 2 hours for Batch 2, resulted in high biodiesel conversions of 82.94% and 77.10%, respectively.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Bachelor degree
author	Johari, Intan Suraya
author_facet	Johari, Intan Suraya
author_sort	Johari, Intan Suraya
title	Biobased composite heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production / Intan Suraya Johari
title_short	Biobased composite heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production / Intan Suraya Johari
title_full	Biobased composite heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production / Intan Suraya Johari
title_fullStr	Biobased composite heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production / Intan Suraya Johari
title_full_unstemmed	Biobased composite heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production / Intan Suraya Johari
title_sort	biobased composite heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production / intan suraya johari
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang
granting_department	Faculty of Applied Sciences
publishDate	2024
url	https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/93878/1/93878.pdf
_version_	1811768771795222528

Biobased composite heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production / Intan Suraya Johari

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