Extraction and characterization of cellulose fibers and cellulose canocrystals from sago waste / Ria Nirmala Hassan

Metroxylon sagu, commonly known as sago palm, is a tropical plant widely grown in Sarawak, Malaysia and it is a major economic asset in the state. Since sago palm has been an economic potential, this leads to abundant waste created from the high production. Thus, in order to utilize this waste, this...

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Main Author:	Hassan, Ria Nirmala
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2023
Subjects:	Extraction (Chemistry) Analytical chemistry
Online Access:	https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/96267/1/96267.pdf https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/96267/2/96267.pdf
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spelling	my-uitm-ir.962672024-05-31T09:32:19Z Extraction and characterization of cellulose fibers and cellulose canocrystals from sago waste / Ria Nirmala Hassan 2023 Hassan, Ria Nirmala Extraction (Chemistry) Analytical chemistry Metroxylon sagu, commonly known as sago palm, is a tropical plant widely grown in Sarawak, Malaysia and it is a major economic asset in the state. Since sago palm has been an economic potential, this leads to abundant waste created from the high production. Thus, in order to utilize this waste, this study highlights the extraction and characterization of cellulose fibers (CFs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from sago waste. The objectives of this study are to extract cellulose fibers and cellulose nanocrystals using alkali treatment, bleaching treatment and acid hydrolysis. Characterization of the raw sample and cellulose fibers was conducted using compound light microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and attenuated total reflectance – Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). After sequence of chemical treatments, both cellulose fibers and cellulose nanocrystals were successfully extracted with the percentage yield of 11.23%. This research used compound light microscope to visualise the differences in structures of raw sago waste, alkali treated, bleached and acid hydrolysed samples. SEM analysis showed the changes in morphological surfaces on raw sago waste, alkali treated, and bleached samples, which initially had smooth surfaces, and finally became rough due to the densely arranged bundle-like structure fibers that were disintegrated into long, rod-shaped fibrous components after it underwent various chemical treatments due to removal of impurities and non-cellulosic components such as starch, hemicellulose, and lignin. In addition, the structure and composition of cellulose fibers and cellulose nanocrystals were observed in FTIR analysis, and this analysis had proven that the shoulder peak at 1700cm-1, which belongs to C=O observed in the raw sago waste had disappeared after several chemical treatments, indicating that the hemicellulose and lignin were effectively removed upon applying chemical treatments. These cellulose fibers and cellulose nanocrystals have potentials in reducing the reliance on non-renewable resources and provide a sustainable alternative for the manufacturing of biodegradable materials. 2023 Thesis https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/96267/ https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/96267/1/96267.pdf text en validuser https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/96267/2/96267.pdf text en public Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sarawak Faculty of Applied Sciences
institution	Universiti Teknologi MARA
collection	UiTM Institutional Repository
language	English English
topic	Extraction (Chemistry) Analytical chemistry
spellingShingle	Extraction (Chemistry) Analytical chemistry Hassan, Ria Nirmala Extraction and characterization of cellulose fibers and cellulose canocrystals from sago waste / Ria Nirmala Hassan
description	Metroxylon sagu, commonly known as sago palm, is a tropical plant widely grown in Sarawak, Malaysia and it is a major economic asset in the state. Since sago palm has been an economic potential, this leads to abundant waste created from the high production. Thus, in order to utilize this waste, this study highlights the extraction and characterization of cellulose fibers (CFs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from sago waste. The objectives of this study are to extract cellulose fibers and cellulose nanocrystals using alkali treatment, bleaching treatment and acid hydrolysis. Characterization of the raw sample and cellulose fibers was conducted using compound light microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and attenuated total reflectance – Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). After sequence of chemical treatments, both cellulose fibers and cellulose nanocrystals were successfully extracted with the percentage yield of 11.23%. This research used compound light microscope to visualise the differences in structures of raw sago waste, alkali treated, bleached and acid hydrolysed samples. SEM analysis showed the changes in morphological surfaces on raw sago waste, alkali treated, and bleached samples, which initially had smooth surfaces, and finally became rough due to the densely arranged bundle-like structure fibers that were disintegrated into long, rod-shaped fibrous components after it underwent various chemical treatments due to removal of impurities and non-cellulosic components such as starch, hemicellulose, and lignin. In addition, the structure and composition of cellulose fibers and cellulose nanocrystals were observed in FTIR analysis, and this analysis had proven that the shoulder peak at 1700cm-1, which belongs to C=O observed in the raw sago waste had disappeared after several chemical treatments, indicating that the hemicellulose and lignin were effectively removed upon applying chemical treatments. These cellulose fibers and cellulose nanocrystals have potentials in reducing the reliance on non-renewable resources and provide a sustainable alternative for the manufacturing of biodegradable materials.
format	Thesis
author	Hassan, Ria Nirmala
author_facet	Hassan, Ria Nirmala
author_sort	Hassan, Ria Nirmala
title	Extraction and characterization of cellulose fibers and cellulose canocrystals from sago waste / Ria Nirmala Hassan
title_short	Extraction and characterization of cellulose fibers and cellulose canocrystals from sago waste / Ria Nirmala Hassan
title_full	Extraction and characterization of cellulose fibers and cellulose canocrystals from sago waste / Ria Nirmala Hassan
title_fullStr	Extraction and characterization of cellulose fibers and cellulose canocrystals from sago waste / Ria Nirmala Hassan
title_full_unstemmed	Extraction and characterization of cellulose fibers and cellulose canocrystals from sago waste / Ria Nirmala Hassan
title_sort	extraction and characterization of cellulose fibers and cellulose canocrystals from sago waste / ria nirmala hassan
granting_institution	Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sarawak
granting_department	Faculty of Applied Sciences
publishDate	2023
url	https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/96267/1/96267.pdf https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/96267/2/96267.pdf
_version_	1804889981516251136

Extraction and characterization of cellulose fibers and cellulose canocrystals from sago waste / Ria Nirmala Hassan

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