Utilisation of decanter cake from palm oil milling plant as new substrate for the production of bio-oil through catalytic vacuum pyrolysis

The present study was carried out to investigate the potential of palm oil decanter cake (PDC) as the new substrate for bio-oil production. Conversion of PDC into bio-oil was conducted through vacuum pyrolysis. Maximum bio-oil yield was 22.12% obtained at pyrolysis temperature of 500 ºC. The chemica...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Nugroho, Dewayanto
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2015
Subjects:	TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/10993/19/Utilisation%20of%20decanter%20cake%20from%20palm%20oil%20milling%20plant%20as%20new%20substrate%20for%20the%20production%20of%20bio-oil%20through%20catalytic%20vacuum%20pyrolysis.pdf
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

id	my-ump-ir.10993
record_format	uketd_dc
spelling	my-ump-ir.109932021-11-03T04:11:44Z Utilisation of decanter cake from palm oil milling plant as new substrate for the production of bio-oil through catalytic vacuum pyrolysis 2015-02 Nugroho, Dewayanto TP Chemical technology The present study was carried out to investigate the potential of palm oil decanter cake (PDC) as the new substrate for bio-oil production. Conversion of PDC into bio-oil was conducted through vacuum pyrolysis. Maximum bio-oil yield was 22.12% obtained at pyrolysis temperature of 500 ºC. The chemical characterisation of bio-oil was studied using 1H-NMR, FTIR, CHNS analyzer and GC–MS. The other properties like pH, calorific value and thermal volatilization were also determined. For comparison purpose, pyrolysis of palm kernel shell (PKS) was also conducted using the same method in PDC pyrolysis. The results indicate PDC bio-oil characteristic is better than that of PKS bio-oil in terms of lower oxygen content, higher pH and heating value. The pH value of PDC recorded to be 6.38, which is found to be higher as compared to that of other bio-oils. The calorific value of PDC bio-oil was found to be 36.79 MJ/kg, which is slightly lower than that of conventional liquid fuel such as gasoline and diesel fuel and much higher than that of bio-oils derived from lignocellulosic biomass. Fatty acid derived from decomposition of triglycerides dominated the composition of PDC bio-oils, while phenolic compounds were prominently found in PKS bio-oil. Effect of catalyst addition was studied by using single and dual stages of pyrolysis reactor. Single stage catalytic pyrolysis was conducted by mixing the catalyst with the biomass in a certain ratio prior to the experiment and was placed into the vacuum pyrolysis reactor. Catalytic reaction reduced the yield of PDC bio-oils, from 22.12 wt% to 15.22 – 17.09 wt%. Catalytic activity of CaO and MgO enhanced the formation of methyl ester through the transesterification reaction of fatty acid, which was produced from decomposition of PDC. Generally, the oxygen content was decreased in presence of catalysts. H-ZSM5 provides better oxygen content reduction than that of other catalysts, both for PDC and PKS. The presence of catalysts slightly affected the pH value and HHV of bio-oils. Dual stage catalytic pyrolysis was conducted by placing the catalysts separately into a catalyst reactor bed to catalyse the upgrading of pyrolytic vapor occurred. Less bio-oil were produced by dual stages catalytic pyrolysis. However, the ratio of O/C decreased while the calorific value slightly increased in dual stage pyrolysis. Bio-oils produced from PDC catalytic pyrolysis has relatively high calorific value than that of other bio-oils, and comparable to the HHV of petroleum fuels. Therefore, PDC bio-oil can be considered as potential alternative fuel. Kinetic studies of PDC pyrolysis were conducted by using thermogravimetry data. Coats-Redfern approach was employed to describe the kinetic model of the PDC thermal decomposition. It was found that the major decomposition of PDC occurred at 220 – 530 °C, represent for decomposition of hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin and triglycerides contained in PDC. Two stages of reaction were identified, first stage at 220 – 300 °C obeyed first order kinetic model, while second stage at 300 – 530 °C was best fit for second order kinetic model. Triglyceride decomposition dominated the whole pyrolysis reaction. As conclusion, decanter cake from palm oil milling plant has potential to be utilised as new substrate for the production of bio-oil through catalytic vacuum pyrolysis 2015-02 Thesis http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/10993/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/10993/19/Utilisation%20of%20decanter%20cake%20from%20palm%20oil%20milling%20plant%20as%20new%20substrate%20for%20the%20production%20of%20bio-oil%20through%20catalytic%20vacuum%20pyrolysis.pdf pdf en public phd doctoral Universiti Malaysia Pahang Faculty Of Industrial Science and Technology
institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah
collection	UMPSA Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	TP Chemical technology Nugroho, Dewayanto Utilisation of decanter cake from palm oil milling plant as new substrate for the production of bio-oil through catalytic vacuum pyrolysis
description	The present study was carried out to investigate the potential of palm oil decanter cake (PDC) as the new substrate for bio-oil production. Conversion of PDC into bio-oil was conducted through vacuum pyrolysis. Maximum bio-oil yield was 22.12% obtained at pyrolysis temperature of 500 ºC. The chemical characterisation of bio-oil was studied using 1H-NMR, FTIR, CHNS analyzer and GC–MS. The other properties like pH, calorific value and thermal volatilization were also determined. For comparison purpose, pyrolysis of palm kernel shell (PKS) was also conducted using the same method in PDC pyrolysis. The results indicate PDC bio-oil characteristic is better than that of PKS bio-oil in terms of lower oxygen content, higher pH and heating value. The pH value of PDC recorded to be 6.38, which is found to be higher as compared to that of other bio-oils. The calorific value of PDC bio-oil was found to be 36.79 MJ/kg, which is slightly lower than that of conventional liquid fuel such as gasoline and diesel fuel and much higher than that of bio-oils derived from lignocellulosic biomass. Fatty acid derived from decomposition of triglycerides dominated the composition of PDC bio-oils, while phenolic compounds were prominently found in PKS bio-oil. Effect of catalyst addition was studied by using single and dual stages of pyrolysis reactor. Single stage catalytic pyrolysis was conducted by mixing the catalyst with the biomass in a certain ratio prior to the experiment and was placed into the vacuum pyrolysis reactor. Catalytic reaction reduced the yield of PDC bio-oils, from 22.12 wt% to 15.22 – 17.09 wt%. Catalytic activity of CaO and MgO enhanced the formation of methyl ester through the transesterification reaction of fatty acid, which was produced from decomposition of PDC. Generally, the oxygen content was decreased in presence of catalysts. H-ZSM5 provides better oxygen content reduction than that of other catalysts, both for PDC and PKS. The presence of catalysts slightly affected the pH value and HHV of bio-oils. Dual stage catalytic pyrolysis was conducted by placing the catalysts separately into a catalyst reactor bed to catalyse the upgrading of pyrolytic vapor occurred. Less bio-oil were produced by dual stages catalytic pyrolysis. However, the ratio of O/C decreased while the calorific value slightly increased in dual stage pyrolysis. Bio-oils produced from PDC catalytic pyrolysis has relatively high calorific value than that of other bio-oils, and comparable to the HHV of petroleum fuels. Therefore, PDC bio-oil can be considered as potential alternative fuel. Kinetic studies of PDC pyrolysis were conducted by using thermogravimetry data. Coats-Redfern approach was employed to describe the kinetic model of the PDC thermal decomposition. It was found that the major decomposition of PDC occurred at 220 – 530 °C, represent for decomposition of hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin and triglycerides contained in PDC. Two stages of reaction were identified, first stage at 220 – 300 °C obeyed first order kinetic model, while second stage at 300 – 530 °C was best fit for second order kinetic model. Triglyceride decomposition dominated the whole pyrolysis reaction. As conclusion, decanter cake from palm oil milling plant has potential to be utilised as new substrate for the production of bio-oil through catalytic vacuum pyrolysis
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Nugroho, Dewayanto
author_facet	Nugroho, Dewayanto
author_sort	Nugroho, Dewayanto
title	Utilisation of decanter cake from palm oil milling plant as new substrate for the production of bio-oil through catalytic vacuum pyrolysis
title_short	Utilisation of decanter cake from palm oil milling plant as new substrate for the production of bio-oil through catalytic vacuum pyrolysis
title_full	Utilisation of decanter cake from palm oil milling plant as new substrate for the production of bio-oil through catalytic vacuum pyrolysis
title_fullStr	Utilisation of decanter cake from palm oil milling plant as new substrate for the production of bio-oil through catalytic vacuum pyrolysis
title_full_unstemmed	Utilisation of decanter cake from palm oil milling plant as new substrate for the production of bio-oil through catalytic vacuum pyrolysis
title_sort	utilisation of decanter cake from palm oil milling plant as new substrate for the production of bio-oil through catalytic vacuum pyrolysis
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang
granting_department	Faculty Of Industrial Science and Technology
publishDate	2015
url	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/10993/19/Utilisation%20of%20decanter%20cake%20from%20palm%20oil%20milling%20plant%20as%20new%20substrate%20for%20the%20production%20of%20bio-oil%20through%20catalytic%20vacuum%20pyrolysis.pdf
_version_	1783731937632845824

Utilisation of decanter cake from palm oil milling plant as new substrate for the production of bio-oil through catalytic vacuum pyrolysis

Similar Items