Microwave extraction and microencapsulation of polyphenol from phyllanthus niruri

Phyllanthus Niruri (ver. name: Dukung Anak) contains miscellaneous bioactive compounds which contribute in various medical effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and treating Hepatitis-B, jaundice intestinal infection. Extraction is the most common method to obtain the bioactive...

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Main Author:	Nguang, Suok Ling
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2018
Subjects:	RV Botanic Thomsonian and eclectic medicine TP Chemical technology
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/25554/1/Microwave%20extraction%20and%20microencapsulation%20of%20polyphenol%20from%20phyllanthus%20niruri.wm.pdf
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spelling	my-ump-ir.255542023-05-17T03:24:20Z Microwave extraction and microencapsulation of polyphenol from phyllanthus niruri 2018-11 Nguang, Suok Ling RV Botanic, Thomsonian, and eclectic medicine TP Chemical technology Phyllanthus Niruri (ver. name: Dukung Anak) contains miscellaneous bioactive compounds which contribute in various medical effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and treating Hepatitis-B, jaundice intestinal infection. Extraction is the most common method to obtain the bioactive component from the plant materials. The yield of bioactive component in the extract is dependent on the solvent used, extraction method and condition. In this work, ultrasonic assisted extraction and microwave assisted extraction method were studied as there’s limited work on ultrasonic assisted extraction and microwave assisted extraction were available in the literature. From the finding of this work, it is found that the yield of the bioactive component is highly dependent on solvent polarity used in the extraction, the highest yield of phyllanthin (4.56mg Phy/g DW) was obtained using 20% aqueous Isopropanol whereas the highest yield of quercetin (10.14mg Que/g DW) was obtained by using 20% aqueous ethanol and highest yield of gallic acid (15.44mg GAE/g DW) was obtained by using water. The polarity of solvent enhances the extraction of both hydroxylated and methoxylated compounds from the P. niruri. From the central composite design analysis, microwave assisted extraction at extraction power at 250W, extraction time ranged from 2.47 minutes to 5.72 minutes and ethanol concentration will ranged from 36.58% to 76.31% able to obtain the optimum yield of polyphenol extraction with the desirability of 91.70%. Microwave assisted extraction provided a fast extraction without significantly compromising the extraction yield. Powdered product is often desired due to its longer lifespan, convenient for consumption and easier transportation/ handling. The process of powder making is often carried out in a spray dryer at high temperature (180°C). To minimize degradation of the bioactive compounds during spray drying, microencapsulation method was introduced. WPI and MD encapsulation spray powder had performed a good polyphenol retention from P. niruri. Microencapsulation using mixture of WPI and MD at the ratio 1:9 delivered highest retention of phyllanthin (84.33%), gallic acid (88.93%) and quercetin (88.39%) followed by MD and WPI encapsulation. Microencapsulation using mixture of WPI and MD at ratio 1:9 is suggested as it provides a better preservation of polyphenol during spray drying as opposed to single protein encapsulate of WPI and MD. The results analysis by UPLC illustrates gallic acid and quercetin are more susceptible to thermal degradation than phyllanthin during spray drying. It is recommended to perform a toxicity analysis of P. niruri extract in ACCU accredited lab before it can undergo clinical trial. 2018-11 Thesis http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/25554/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/25554/1/Microwave%20extraction%20and%20microencapsulation%20of%20polyphenol%20from%20phyllanthus%20niruri.wm.pdf pdf en public masters Universiti Malaysia Pahang Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering Jolius, Gimbun
institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah
collection	UMPSA Institutional Repository
language	English
advisor	Jolius, Gimbun
topic	RV Botanic Thomsonian and eclectic medicine TP Chemical technology
spellingShingle	RV Botanic Thomsonian and eclectic medicine TP Chemical technology Nguang, Suok Ling Microwave extraction and microencapsulation of polyphenol from phyllanthus niruri
description	Phyllanthus Niruri (ver. name: Dukung Anak) contains miscellaneous bioactive compounds which contribute in various medical effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and treating Hepatitis-B, jaundice intestinal infection. Extraction is the most common method to obtain the bioactive component from the plant materials. The yield of bioactive component in the extract is dependent on the solvent used, extraction method and condition. In this work, ultrasonic assisted extraction and microwave assisted extraction method were studied as there’s limited work on ultrasonic assisted extraction and microwave assisted extraction were available in the literature. From the finding of this work, it is found that the yield of the bioactive component is highly dependent on solvent polarity used in the extraction, the highest yield of phyllanthin (4.56mg Phy/g DW) was obtained using 20% aqueous Isopropanol whereas the highest yield of quercetin (10.14mg Que/g DW) was obtained by using 20% aqueous ethanol and highest yield of gallic acid (15.44mg GAE/g DW) was obtained by using water. The polarity of solvent enhances the extraction of both hydroxylated and methoxylated compounds from the P. niruri. From the central composite design analysis, microwave assisted extraction at extraction power at 250W, extraction time ranged from 2.47 minutes to 5.72 minutes and ethanol concentration will ranged from 36.58% to 76.31% able to obtain the optimum yield of polyphenol extraction with the desirability of 91.70%. Microwave assisted extraction provided a fast extraction without significantly compromising the extraction yield. Powdered product is often desired due to its longer lifespan, convenient for consumption and easier transportation/ handling. The process of powder making is often carried out in a spray dryer at high temperature (180°C). To minimize degradation of the bioactive compounds during spray drying, microencapsulation method was introduced. WPI and MD encapsulation spray powder had performed a good polyphenol retention from P. niruri. Microencapsulation using mixture of WPI and MD at the ratio 1:9 delivered highest retention of phyllanthin (84.33%), gallic acid (88.93%) and quercetin (88.39%) followed by MD and WPI encapsulation. Microencapsulation using mixture of WPI and MD at ratio 1:9 is suggested as it provides a better preservation of polyphenol during spray drying as opposed to single protein encapsulate of WPI and MD. The results analysis by UPLC illustrates gallic acid and quercetin are more susceptible to thermal degradation than phyllanthin during spray drying. It is recommended to perform a toxicity analysis of P. niruri extract in ACCU accredited lab before it can undergo clinical trial.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Nguang, Suok Ling
author_facet	Nguang, Suok Ling
author_sort	Nguang, Suok Ling
title	Microwave extraction and microencapsulation of polyphenol from phyllanthus niruri
title_short	Microwave extraction and microencapsulation of polyphenol from phyllanthus niruri
title_full	Microwave extraction and microencapsulation of polyphenol from phyllanthus niruri
title_fullStr	Microwave extraction and microencapsulation of polyphenol from phyllanthus niruri
title_full_unstemmed	Microwave extraction and microencapsulation of polyphenol from phyllanthus niruri
title_sort	microwave extraction and microencapsulation of polyphenol from phyllanthus niruri
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang
granting_department	Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering
publishDate	2018
url	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/25554/1/Microwave%20extraction%20and%20microencapsulation%20of%20polyphenol%20from%20phyllanthus%20niruri.wm.pdf
_version_	1783732097065680896

Microwave extraction and microencapsulation of polyphenol from phyllanthus niruri

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