Cultivation of microalgae spirulina sp. in palm oil mill effluent for essential fatty acids production

Essential fatty acids providing health benefits and has increased the consumption as dietary supplements. Omega-3 fatty acids, usually derived from fatty fish, are present in animals, transgenic plants, fungi and many microorganisms, bringing excessive pressure on global fish stocks. Fortunately, mi...

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Main Author:	Palanisamy, Karthick Murugan
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2021
Subjects:	HD Industries Land use Labor Q Science (General) T Technology (General)
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/34681/1/Cultivation%20of%20microalgae%20spirulina%20sp.%20In%20palm%20oil%20mill%20effluent.wm.pdf
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id	my-ump-ir.34681
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spelling	my-ump-ir.346812023-05-30T07:51:10Z Cultivation of microalgae spirulina sp. in palm oil mill effluent for essential fatty acids production 2021-01 Palanisamy, Karthick Murugan HD Industries. Land use. Labor Q Science (General) T Technology (General) Essential fatty acids providing health benefits and has increased the consumption as dietary supplements. Omega-3 fatty acids, usually derived from fatty fish, are present in animals, transgenic plants, fungi and many microorganisms, bringing excessive pressure on global fish stocks. Fortunately, microalgae are the primary which are rich in essential fatty acid and present a promising source of omega-3 fatty acid. The cost of nutrient media becomes an obstacle for cultivation of microalgae in larger industry. In this study, total 16 indigenous microalgae been identified and six monoculture of different species such as Amphora sp., Anabaena sp., Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus sp., Spirulina sp., and Tetraselmis sp., were isolated in laboratory environment by using serial dilution and streaking plate techniques from the marine sample collected East costal region of Kuantan, Pahang. These species were tested the growth and survivability in mixture of 5% (v/v) POME + conventional medium. Among these, Spirulina sp. shown higher growth and higher survivability while evaluating and chosen for further experiment. The growth of Spirulina sp. was tested by feeding POME as an only medium with different concentration (10-50% v/v) to maximize the biomass production. Followed with different effect of light intensities (1000-4000 lux) and temperature (21-36±2 ℃). The growth rate of Spirulina sp. was measured by biomass concentration (mg/L) and Chlorophyl content (µg/mL). The highest biomass production of Spirulina sp. was found in the optimum conditions of 30% v/v of POME, 3000 lux light intensity and 31±2 ℃ temperature with highest biomass yield 1.54±0.11 g/L after 18 days of cultivation. The biomass of Spirulina sp. was separated from the culture medium by centrifugation at 6000 g and dried at 70±3 ℃. Dried biomass was treated with hexane and extracted the highest lipid from Soxhlet extractor (44.9±6.1%) as compared to ultrasound assisted (32.3±6.5%) and Bligh and Dyer method (12.3±4.0%). The extracted lipids were trans esterified using methanolic KOH (1:1 v/v) for 120 min at 60±2℃ with aim of obtaining fatty acid methyl ester. Fatty acid methyl ester sample added with internal standard heptadecanoic acid which diluted with octane at 15 mg/ml. 1 µL of samples were analyzed using gas chromatography. Among 13 fatty acids found that, oleic acid (70.16%), palmitoleic acid (13.07%), linoleic acid (8.62%), and stearic acid (2.11%) and ℽ-linolenic acid (0.43%) as dominant fatty acids. Spirulina sp. lipid have great potential to be use in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical product due to its composition of essential fatty acids. 2021-01 Thesis http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/34681/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/34681/1/Cultivation%20of%20microalgae%20spirulina%20sp.%20In%20palm%20oil%20mill%20effluent.wm.pdf pdf en public masters Universiti Malaysia Pahang Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology Govindan, Natanamurugaraj
institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah
collection	UMPSA Institutional Repository
language	English
advisor	Govindan, Natanamurugaraj
topic	HD Industries Land use Labor Q Science (General) T Technology (General)
spellingShingle	HD Industries Land use Labor Q Science (General) T Technology (General) Palanisamy, Karthick Murugan Cultivation of microalgae spirulina sp. in palm oil mill effluent for essential fatty acids production
description	Essential fatty acids providing health benefits and has increased the consumption as dietary supplements. Omega-3 fatty acids, usually derived from fatty fish, are present in animals, transgenic plants, fungi and many microorganisms, bringing excessive pressure on global fish stocks. Fortunately, microalgae are the primary which are rich in essential fatty acid and present a promising source of omega-3 fatty acid. The cost of nutrient media becomes an obstacle for cultivation of microalgae in larger industry. In this study, total 16 indigenous microalgae been identified and six monoculture of different species such as Amphora sp., Anabaena sp., Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus sp., Spirulina sp., and Tetraselmis sp., were isolated in laboratory environment by using serial dilution and streaking plate techniques from the marine sample collected East costal region of Kuantan, Pahang. These species were tested the growth and survivability in mixture of 5% (v/v) POME + conventional medium. Among these, Spirulina sp. shown higher growth and higher survivability while evaluating and chosen for further experiment. The growth of Spirulina sp. was tested by feeding POME as an only medium with different concentration (10-50% v/v) to maximize the biomass production. Followed with different effect of light intensities (1000-4000 lux) and temperature (21-36±2 ℃). The growth rate of Spirulina sp. was measured by biomass concentration (mg/L) and Chlorophyl content (µg/mL). The highest biomass production of Spirulina sp. was found in the optimum conditions of 30% v/v of POME, 3000 lux light intensity and 31±2 ℃ temperature with highest biomass yield 1.54±0.11 g/L after 18 days of cultivation. The biomass of Spirulina sp. was separated from the culture medium by centrifugation at 6000 g and dried at 70±3 ℃. Dried biomass was treated with hexane and extracted the highest lipid from Soxhlet extractor (44.9±6.1%) as compared to ultrasound assisted (32.3±6.5%) and Bligh and Dyer method (12.3±4.0%). The extracted lipids were trans esterified using methanolic KOH (1:1 v/v) for 120 min at 60±2℃ with aim of obtaining fatty acid methyl ester. Fatty acid methyl ester sample added with internal standard heptadecanoic acid which diluted with octane at 15 mg/ml. 1 µL of samples were analyzed using gas chromatography. Among 13 fatty acids found that, oleic acid (70.16%), palmitoleic acid (13.07%), linoleic acid (8.62%), and stearic acid (2.11%) and ℽ-linolenic acid (0.43%) as dominant fatty acids. Spirulina sp. lipid have great potential to be use in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical product due to its composition of essential fatty acids.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Palanisamy, Karthick Murugan
author_facet	Palanisamy, Karthick Murugan
author_sort	Palanisamy, Karthick Murugan
title	Cultivation of microalgae spirulina sp. in palm oil mill effluent for essential fatty acids production
title_short	Cultivation of microalgae spirulina sp. in palm oil mill effluent for essential fatty acids production
title_full	Cultivation of microalgae spirulina sp. in palm oil mill effluent for essential fatty acids production
title_fullStr	Cultivation of microalgae spirulina sp. in palm oil mill effluent for essential fatty acids production
title_full_unstemmed	Cultivation of microalgae spirulina sp. in palm oil mill effluent for essential fatty acids production
title_sort	cultivation of microalgae spirulina sp. in palm oil mill effluent for essential fatty acids production
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang
granting_department	Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology
publishDate	2021
url	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/34681/1/Cultivation%20of%20microalgae%20spirulina%20sp.%20In%20palm%20oil%20mill%20effluent.wm.pdf
_version_	1783732204146262016

Cultivation of microalgae spirulina sp. in palm oil mill effluent for essential fatty acids production

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