Development of thermo-responsive ionic liquid as draw solution and its performance in forward osmosis

Desalination based on membrane technology is one of the approaches which has been extensively explored to tackle the challenge in increasing demand of clean water. Although reverse osmosis (RO) process has been applied for a long time, the promising forward osmosis (FO) membrane desalination is view...

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Main Author:	Mohd Amirul Mukmin, Abdullah
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2020
Subjects:	QD Chemistry
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/35279/1/Development%20of%20thermo-responsive%20ionic%20liquid%20as%20draw%20solution.ir.pdf
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spelling	my-ump-ir.352792022-10-14T02:02:25Z Development of thermo-responsive ionic liquid as draw solution and its performance in forward osmosis 2020-12 Mohd Amirul Mukmin, Abdullah QD Chemistry TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Desalination based on membrane technology is one of the approaches which has been extensively explored to tackle the challenge in increasing demand of clean water. Although reverse osmosis (RO) process has been applied for a long time, the promising forward osmosis (FO) membrane desalination is viewed as a potentially viable energy efficient performance technology. But, the main problem in FO process is the lack of suitable draw solutes that can be efficiently regenerated. A distinct advantage using thermo-responsive ionic liquids (TRILs) is the efficient in regenerating the draw solute via thermally stimulation. In this study, 10 cations and two anions were selected from COSMO-RS database and van’t Hoff factor prediction. 11 type of ILs was successfully synthesized via metathesis and neutralization method. The synthesized ILs were mixed with water and were cooled to 0 °C and then gradually heated to 70 °C to screen critical temperature. When a solution was found to be phase-separated above its critical temperature, this mixture underwent the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) type phase transition and which contrary with upper critical solution temperature (UCST) behavioral. The interactions mechanism of TRILs with water were examined using COSMO-RS simulation and H NMR for selected ILs. The TRILs were tested in FO process as draw solution and achieved high water flux 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim][BF4]) (0.71 LMH) and tetrabutylphosphonium trifluoroacetate ([P4444][TFA]) (0.44 LMH) compared to NaCl (0.33 LMH). The [Bmim][BF4] was selected as draw solution and aquaporin membrane with pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) mode was used to evaluate the effect of parameter and optimal condition for FO process. The 2-Level factorial experiment design was used to study the effect of parameters such as feed and draw flowrate, draw solution concentration, temperature and type of flow with feed concentration using artificial seawater (0.6 M NaCl). The draw solution concentration and the interactions between draw and feed flowrate was the most significant factors to achieve high water flux 5.1 LMH. Besides that, the draw flowrate and the interaction of draw flowrate and feed flowrate give high significant negative effect which is good to obtain low reverse salt 1.3 gMH. The desirability function (DF) was used, in order to obtain the highest water flux 5.04 LMH and the lowest reverse salt flux 1.71 gMH with 0.95 desirability. The optimal condition for FO performance is 300 ml/min feed and draw flowrate with 3.0 M draw solution at 25 °C and co-current flow. In this research, the phase separation via thermally stimulated liquid -liquid phase separation was achievable. The traceable amount of [Bmim][BF4] in water rich phase was detected using UV-Vis spectroscopy and purified using nanofiltration (NF). The water spinach was selected to study the effect of traceable amount of ILs in water on plant growth and acceptable traceable amount of [Bmim][BF4] is below 500 ppm. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that, [Bmim][BF4] is alternatively suitable to be use as draw solution in FO process. 2020-12 Thesis http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/35279/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/35279/1/Development%20of%20thermo-responsive%20ionic%20liquid%20as%20draw%20solution.ir.pdf pdf en public phd doctoral Universiti Malaysia Pahang Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology
institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah
collection	UMPSA Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	QD Chemistry QD Chemistry
spellingShingle	QD Chemistry QD Chemistry Mohd Amirul Mukmin, Abdullah Development of thermo-responsive ionic liquid as draw solution and its performance in forward osmosis
description	Desalination based on membrane technology is one of the approaches which has been extensively explored to tackle the challenge in increasing demand of clean water. Although reverse osmosis (RO) process has been applied for a long time, the promising forward osmosis (FO) membrane desalination is viewed as a potentially viable energy efficient performance technology. But, the main problem in FO process is the lack of suitable draw solutes that can be efficiently regenerated. A distinct advantage using thermo-responsive ionic liquids (TRILs) is the efficient in regenerating the draw solute via thermally stimulation. In this study, 10 cations and two anions were selected from COSMO-RS database and van’t Hoff factor prediction. 11 type of ILs was successfully synthesized via metathesis and neutralization method. The synthesized ILs were mixed with water and were cooled to 0 °C and then gradually heated to 70 °C to screen critical temperature. When a solution was found to be phase-separated above its critical temperature, this mixture underwent the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) type phase transition and which contrary with upper critical solution temperature (UCST) behavioral. The interactions mechanism of TRILs with water were examined using COSMO-RS simulation and H NMR for selected ILs. The TRILs were tested in FO process as draw solution and achieved high water flux 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim][BF4]) (0.71 LMH) and tetrabutylphosphonium trifluoroacetate ([P4444][TFA]) (0.44 LMH) compared to NaCl (0.33 LMH). The [Bmim][BF4] was selected as draw solution and aquaporin membrane with pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) mode was used to evaluate the effect of parameter and optimal condition for FO process. The 2-Level factorial experiment design was used to study the effect of parameters such as feed and draw flowrate, draw solution concentration, temperature and type of flow with feed concentration using artificial seawater (0.6 M NaCl). The draw solution concentration and the interactions between draw and feed flowrate was the most significant factors to achieve high water flux 5.1 LMH. Besides that, the draw flowrate and the interaction of draw flowrate and feed flowrate give high significant negative effect which is good to obtain low reverse salt 1.3 gMH. The desirability function (DF) was used, in order to obtain the highest water flux 5.04 LMH and the lowest reverse salt flux 1.71 gMH with 0.95 desirability. The optimal condition for FO performance is 300 ml/min feed and draw flowrate with 3.0 M draw solution at 25 °C and co-current flow. In this research, the phase separation via thermally stimulated liquid -liquid phase separation was achievable. The traceable amount of [Bmim][BF4] in water rich phase was detected using UV-Vis spectroscopy and purified using nanofiltration (NF). The water spinach was selected to study the effect of traceable amount of ILs in water on plant growth and acceptable traceable amount of [Bmim][BF4] is below 500 ppm. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that, [Bmim][BF4] is alternatively suitable to be use as draw solution in FO process.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Mohd Amirul Mukmin, Abdullah
author_facet	Mohd Amirul Mukmin, Abdullah
author_sort	Mohd Amirul Mukmin, Abdullah
title	Development of thermo-responsive ionic liquid as draw solution and its performance in forward osmosis
title_short	Development of thermo-responsive ionic liquid as draw solution and its performance in forward osmosis
title_full	Development of thermo-responsive ionic liquid as draw solution and its performance in forward osmosis
title_fullStr	Development of thermo-responsive ionic liquid as draw solution and its performance in forward osmosis
title_full_unstemmed	Development of thermo-responsive ionic liquid as draw solution and its performance in forward osmosis
title_sort	development of thermo-responsive ionic liquid as draw solution and its performance in forward osmosis
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang
granting_department	Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology
publishDate	2020
url	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/35279/1/Development%20of%20thermo-responsive%20ionic%20liquid%20as%20draw%20solution.ir.pdf
_version_	1783732230222249984

Development of thermo-responsive ionic liquid as draw solution and its performance in forward osmosis

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