Characterisation of Malaysia agarwood oil (aquilaria sp.) and comparison with different origins based on sensory studies

Agarwood has wide applications for medicine, aromatherapy, perfume, cosmetics, and incense. One of the primary issues in the agarwood trading industry is difficult to identify the grade and quality accurately as there is no standard reference. Therefore, this study aims to analyze and compare the ch...

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Main Author:	Erny Haslina, Abd Latib
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2023
Subjects:	HD Industries Land use Labor T Technology (General)
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/39263/1/ir.Characterisation%20of%20Malaysia%20agarwood%20oil%20%28aquilaria%20sp.%29%20and%20comparison%20with%20different%20origins%20based%20on%20sensory%20studies.pdf
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id	my-ump-ir.39263
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spelling	my-ump-ir.392632023-11-09T07:28:48Z Characterisation of Malaysia agarwood oil (aquilaria sp.) and comparison with different origins based on sensory studies 2023-04 Erny Haslina, Abd Latib HD Industries. Land use. Labor T Technology (General) Agarwood has wide applications for medicine, aromatherapy, perfume, cosmetics, and incense. One of the primary issues in the agarwood trading industry is difficult to identify the grade and quality accurately as there is no standard reference. Therefore, this study aims to analyze and compare the chemical profile of agarwood oil from different origins (Malaysia, India, Cambodia, and Thailand) using gas chromatography analysis. The identification and validation of the selected marker compounds based on the distribution of chemical constituents among the samples were carried out using preparative gas chromatography (Prep-GC). The evaluation of the odor profile from the fabricated electronic nose (E-nose) was conducted for different grades of agarwood oil as a preliminary assessment. The extraction was carried out using the Taguchi method as the design of experiment for fabricated hydrodistillation. The results show that highest yield was achieved from sample EX8 with 1.05 g of agarwood oil. The extraction of EX8 was conducted at 14 days of soaking time, 16 h of extraction time, and a soaking ratio of 1:8 (sample:water). Overall, sesquiterpenoid compounds were identified as the major compound in a high-grade sample, which contradicted low-grade agarwood oil. The major sesquiterpenoid compounds identified in the samples were norketoagarofuran, selina-4,11-dien-14-oic acid, epi-α-cadinol, kusunol, agarospirol, 10-epi-γ-eudesmol, α-agarofuran, guaia-1(10),11-dien-15-ol, α-eudesmol, bulnesol, guaiol, 9,11-eremophiladien-8-one, rotundone, and selina-3,11-dien-9-one. Agarospirol and nhexadecanoic acid were selected as the marker compounds and further isolated using Prep-GC. Finally, the odor profiles of agarwood oil samples were successfully developed by the E-nose based on sensory studies. This study provides a reference for agarwood oil from different origins, specifically from Malaysia, India, Cambodia, and Thailand based on the distribution of chemical constituents toward standardizing the grade and quality. In addition, a study on odor profile response from the fabricated E-nose provides fundamental results for the development of a systematic instrument for the assessment of the grade and quality of agarwood oil in the agarwood industry. 2023-04 Thesis http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/39263/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/39263/1/ir.Characterisation%20of%20Malaysia%20agarwood%20oil%20%28aquilaria%20sp.%29%20and%20comparison%20with%20different%20origins%20based%20on%20sensory%20studies.pdf pdf en public phd doctoral Universiti Malaysia Pahang Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology Saiful Nizam, Tajuddin
institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah
collection	UMPSA Institutional Repository
language	English
advisor	Saiful Nizam, Tajuddin
topic	HD Industries Land use Labor T Technology (General)
spellingShingle	HD Industries Land use Labor T Technology (General) Erny Haslina, Abd Latib Characterisation of Malaysia agarwood oil (aquilaria sp.) and comparison with different origins based on sensory studies
description	Agarwood has wide applications for medicine, aromatherapy, perfume, cosmetics, and incense. One of the primary issues in the agarwood trading industry is difficult to identify the grade and quality accurately as there is no standard reference. Therefore, this study aims to analyze and compare the chemical profile of agarwood oil from different origins (Malaysia, India, Cambodia, and Thailand) using gas chromatography analysis. The identification and validation of the selected marker compounds based on the distribution of chemical constituents among the samples were carried out using preparative gas chromatography (Prep-GC). The evaluation of the odor profile from the fabricated electronic nose (E-nose) was conducted for different grades of agarwood oil as a preliminary assessment. The extraction was carried out using the Taguchi method as the design of experiment for fabricated hydrodistillation. The results show that highest yield was achieved from sample EX8 with 1.05 g of agarwood oil. The extraction of EX8 was conducted at 14 days of soaking time, 16 h of extraction time, and a soaking ratio of 1:8 (sample:water). Overall, sesquiterpenoid compounds were identified as the major compound in a high-grade sample, which contradicted low-grade agarwood oil. The major sesquiterpenoid compounds identified in the samples were norketoagarofuran, selina-4,11-dien-14-oic acid, epi-α-cadinol, kusunol, agarospirol, 10-epi-γ-eudesmol, α-agarofuran, guaia-1(10),11-dien-15-ol, α-eudesmol, bulnesol, guaiol, 9,11-eremophiladien-8-one, rotundone, and selina-3,11-dien-9-one. Agarospirol and nhexadecanoic acid were selected as the marker compounds and further isolated using Prep-GC. Finally, the odor profiles of agarwood oil samples were successfully developed by the E-nose based on sensory studies. This study provides a reference for agarwood oil from different origins, specifically from Malaysia, India, Cambodia, and Thailand based on the distribution of chemical constituents toward standardizing the grade and quality. In addition, a study on odor profile response from the fabricated E-nose provides fundamental results for the development of a systematic instrument for the assessment of the grade and quality of agarwood oil in the agarwood industry.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Erny Haslina, Abd Latib
author_facet	Erny Haslina, Abd Latib
author_sort	Erny Haslina, Abd Latib
title	Characterisation of Malaysia agarwood oil (aquilaria sp.) and comparison with different origins based on sensory studies
title_short	Characterisation of Malaysia agarwood oil (aquilaria sp.) and comparison with different origins based on sensory studies
title_full	Characterisation of Malaysia agarwood oil (aquilaria sp.) and comparison with different origins based on sensory studies
title_fullStr	Characterisation of Malaysia agarwood oil (aquilaria sp.) and comparison with different origins based on sensory studies
title_full_unstemmed	Characterisation of Malaysia agarwood oil (aquilaria sp.) and comparison with different origins based on sensory studies
title_sort	characterisation of malaysia agarwood oil (aquilaria sp.) and comparison with different origins based on sensory studies
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang
granting_department	Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology
publishDate	2023
url	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/39263/1/ir.Characterisation%20of%20Malaysia%20agarwood%20oil%20%28aquilaria%20sp.%29%20and%20comparison%20with%20different%20origins%20based%20on%20sensory%20studies.pdf
_version_	1783732305084284928

Characterisation of Malaysia agarwood oil (aquilaria sp.) and comparison with different origins based on sensory studies

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