Exfoliation of few-layer graphene in red spinach solution : the fabrication of smart “sticky note” sensor

Graphene is widely recognised as an incredible material that has the potential to be utilised in a wide variety of useful applications. One of the most effective methods for producing defect free graphene is called liquid phase exfoliation (LPE), which can be assisted by sonication. This technology...

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Main Author:	Wan Farhana, W Idris
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2024
Subjects:	TA Engineering (General) Civil engineering (General) TS Manufactures
Online Access:	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42476/1/ir.Exfoliation%20of%20few-layer%20graphene%20in%20red%20spinach%20solution.pdf
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spelling	my-ump-ir.424762024-09-03T04:53:10Z Exfoliation of few-layer graphene in red spinach solution : the fabrication of smart “sticky note” sensor 2024-01 Wan Farhana, W Idris TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TS Manufactures Graphene is widely recognised as an incredible material that has the potential to be utilised in a wide variety of useful applications. One of the most effective methods for producing defect free graphene is called liquid phase exfoliation (LPE), which can be assisted by sonication. This technology was discovered to be an easy processing procedure that was also economically viable. However, the majority of exfoliation of graphene using the LPE method has been accomplished by utilising an organic solvent such as dimethylformamide (DMF) and N, N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), which is known to be carcinogenic, and a longer exposure to this substance may risk the user to the development of major health issues in the future. Because of the findings that came from earlier research, using plant extracts as an exfoliating medium for graphite seems to be an exceptionally promising strategy for the creation of graphene that is both of high quality and low in cost. In addition, due to the significant advantages of aqueous systems over non-aqueous systems such as lower costs and fewer potential health risks and environmental issues, the use of water-based systems has attracted much attention in recent years. In light of this, the use of plant extract solution would be an enormous benefit in the process of making graphene from water. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the capability of plant extract solution in assisting the exfoliation of graphite. This will be accomplished by employing a red spinach solution to produce spinach graphene (GS) via the bath sonication method. The presence of GS in the subsequent supernatant was significantly confirmed from Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Atomic force microscopy (ATM) and Raman spectroscopy. The appearance of a UV dominating peak at 272 nm for the supernatant indicates that graphite was successfully exfoliated using the red spinach solution. In addition to this, it was discovered that the synthesised graphene possessed fewer structural defects (ID/IG: 0.5) in comparison to graphene oxide and that it had a high carbon to oxygen ratio (C/O) 6.8, which was comparable to the C/O for graphene based on polysaccharides. To study the detailed about the production method, the effects of processing parameters for GS were studied and the exponential factor for the red spinach solution concentration, graphite concentration, and sonication duration were obtained. As part of the investigation into the productivity of graphene, a yield concentration of up to 0.75 mg/ml (2.5 hours) was measured. After that, the graphene GS that had been created was utilised as ink for a smart ‘sticky note” sensor, and its properties were investigated. In conclusion, the use of red spinach as a dispersant for exfoliation of graphene has been proven and the subject of a significant amount of research. It is expected that this study will contribute to the advancement of cost-effective graphene production and help the development of a variety of applications that are suited. 2024-01 Thesis http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42476/ http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42476/1/ir.Exfoliation%20of%20few-layer%20graphene%20in%20red%20spinach%20solution.pdf pdf en public masters Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah Faculty of Manufacturing and Mechatronic Engineering Technology Zulhelmi, Ismail
institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah
collection	UMPSA Institutional Repository
language	English
advisor	Zulhelmi, Ismail
topic	TA Engineering (General) Civil engineering (General) TS Manufactures
spellingShingle	TA Engineering (General) Civil engineering (General) TS Manufactures Wan Farhana, W Idris Exfoliation of few-layer graphene in red spinach solution : the fabrication of smart “sticky note” sensor
description	Graphene is widely recognised as an incredible material that has the potential to be utilised in a wide variety of useful applications. One of the most effective methods for producing defect free graphene is called liquid phase exfoliation (LPE), which can be assisted by sonication. This technology was discovered to be an easy processing procedure that was also economically viable. However, the majority of exfoliation of graphene using the LPE method has been accomplished by utilising an organic solvent such as dimethylformamide (DMF) and N, N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), which is known to be carcinogenic, and a longer exposure to this substance may risk the user to the development of major health issues in the future. Because of the findings that came from earlier research, using plant extracts as an exfoliating medium for graphite seems to be an exceptionally promising strategy for the creation of graphene that is both of high quality and low in cost. In addition, due to the significant advantages of aqueous systems over non-aqueous systems such as lower costs and fewer potential health risks and environmental issues, the use of water-based systems has attracted much attention in recent years. In light of this, the use of plant extract solution would be an enormous benefit in the process of making graphene from water. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the capability of plant extract solution in assisting the exfoliation of graphite. This will be accomplished by employing a red spinach solution to produce spinach graphene (GS) via the bath sonication method. The presence of GS in the subsequent supernatant was significantly confirmed from Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Atomic force microscopy (ATM) and Raman spectroscopy. The appearance of a UV dominating peak at 272 nm for the supernatant indicates that graphite was successfully exfoliated using the red spinach solution. In addition to this, it was discovered that the synthesised graphene possessed fewer structural defects (ID/IG: 0.5) in comparison to graphene oxide and that it had a high carbon to oxygen ratio (C/O) 6.8, which was comparable to the C/O for graphene based on polysaccharides. To study the detailed about the production method, the effects of processing parameters for GS were studied and the exponential factor for the red spinach solution concentration, graphite concentration, and sonication duration were obtained. As part of the investigation into the productivity of graphene, a yield concentration of up to 0.75 mg/ml (2.5 hours) was measured. After that, the graphene GS that had been created was utilised as ink for a smart ‘sticky note” sensor, and its properties were investigated. In conclusion, the use of red spinach as a dispersant for exfoliation of graphene has been proven and the subject of a significant amount of research. It is expected that this study will contribute to the advancement of cost-effective graphene production and help the development of a variety of applications that are suited.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Wan Farhana, W Idris
author_facet	Wan Farhana, W Idris
author_sort	Wan Farhana, W Idris
title	Exfoliation of few-layer graphene in red spinach solution : the fabrication of smart “sticky note” sensor
title_short	Exfoliation of few-layer graphene in red spinach solution : the fabrication of smart “sticky note” sensor
title_full	Exfoliation of few-layer graphene in red spinach solution : the fabrication of smart “sticky note” sensor
title_fullStr	Exfoliation of few-layer graphene in red spinach solution : the fabrication of smart “sticky note” sensor
title_full_unstemmed	Exfoliation of few-layer graphene in red spinach solution : the fabrication of smart “sticky note” sensor
title_sort	exfoliation of few-layer graphene in red spinach solution : the fabrication of smart “sticky note” sensor
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah
granting_department	Faculty of Manufacturing and Mechatronic Engineering Technology
publishDate	2024
url	http://umpir.ump.edu.my/id/eprint/42476/1/ir.Exfoliation%20of%20few-layer%20graphene%20in%20red%20spinach%20solution.pdf
_version_	1811769665868791808

Exfoliation of few-layer graphene in red spinach solution : the fabrication of smart “sticky note” sensor

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