GCMS - based metabolomics for biomarker discovery of clinacanthus nutans and its tissue culture
Plant metabolomics is a data-driven approach that plays an important role in systems biology in identifying and describing chemical matrices of plant cells that correlate to biochemical phenotypes. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a powerful and robust analytical tool...
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2016
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/12842/1/GCMS%20-%20based%20metabolomics%20for%20biomarker.pdf |
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| Summary: | Plant metabolomics is a data-driven approach that plays an important role in
systems biology in identifying and describing chemical matrices of plant cells that
correlate to biochemical phenotypes. Gas chromatography coupled with mass
spectrometry (GC-MS) is a powerful and robust analytical tool widely applied in
separating and identifying phytochemical constituents of plant metabolites
nowadays. Clinacanthus nutans is a medicinal plant currently of public interest due
to its use in treating various chronic diseases such as herpes and cancer. The
present study aimed to analyse and compare the metabolic profiles of
Clinacanthus nutans of different ages using GC-MS approach. As a result, seven
compounds with medicinal interest were found to accumulate in all of the four
different ages of C. nutans plants (one-three-year old purchased plant, re-cultivated
three-, six- and twelve-month old plant). These seven biomarker
compounds for Clinacanthus nutans were squalene, Vitamin E, stigmasterol,
campesterol, Sitosterol, lupeol and betulin. Of these plants, the six-month old re-cultivated
plant was found to accumulate the highest amount of the compounds,
hence the profile of the plant was chosen for further comparison with the tissue
cultures induced from Clinacanthus nutans. In total, eleven secondary metabolites
were detected in the leaves, stems, and roots of purchased, re-cultivated and,
regenerated plants as well as in the adventitious roots and calluses of
Clinacanthus nutans. The metabolites were phytol, squalene, didecan-2-yl
phthalate, Vitamin E, β/y -tocopherol, stigmasterol, campesterol, (β-sitosterol, α/β-
amyrin, lupeol, and betulin. The presence of phytol, squalene, didecan-2-yl
phthalate, Vitamin E and its derivatives, campesterol, and amyrin were reported
for the first time in this species. Highest quantities of squalene, Vitamin E,
campesterol, stigmasterol, and (3-sitosterol were accumulated in the regenerated
plants, 2.76 ± 0.27, 0.85 ± 0.08, 7.36 ± 0.85, 1.86 ± 0.04, and 11.68 ± 0.91
g/kg (on dry matter basis), respectively. Meanwhile, the six-month old recultivated
plant' root possessed the highest amount of lupeol and betulin,
corresponding to 498.19 ± 22.50 and 4.44 ± 0.31 g/kg, respectively. In addition,
the induced calluses and adventitious roots also showed the accumulation of the
above-mentioned metabolites especially lupeol, with 248.03 ± 71.68 and 81.27 ±
1.84 g/kg, respectively. Through analyses of the metabolic profiles, the chemical
compounds detected were postulated to have originated via the biosynthetic
pathways of phytosterols and triterpenoids. Interestingly, more phytochemical
compounds in Clinacanthus nutans were detected in the current work than
previously reported and they could potentially be used as marker compounds for
the standardisation and development of herbal drugs and nutraceutical products. |
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