Optimization of synthesized nano cu-based catalyst to enhance biodiesel production
Nowadays, the productions of biodiesel from renewable sources such as palm oil have been extensively studied due to the depletion of fossil fuel. The difficulties during the separation and purification of the homogeneous catalyst used in the production of biodiesel product led to the development...
Saved in:
| 主要作者: | |
|---|---|
| 格式: | Thesis |
| 语言: | English |
| 出版: |
2016
|
| 主题: | |
| 在线阅读: | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/12861/1/Optimization%20of%20synthesized%20nano.pdf |
| 标签: |
添加标签
没有标签, 成为第一个标记此记录!
|
| 总结: | Nowadays, the productions of biodiesel from renewable sources such as palm oil
have been extensively studied due to the depletion of fossil fuel. The difficulties
during the separation and purification of the homogeneous catalyst used in the
production of biodiesel product led to the development of a heterogeneous catalyst.
In this study, heterogeneous Cu-based catalyst was successfully synthesized using
impregnation associated with sonochemical method. Two types of catalysts support
(A1203 and MgO) were optimized and activated under two different activation
conditions (air and nitrogen). Four parameters were optimized which are i)
sonication time, ii) activation procedure (time and gas), iii) catalyst support (Al₂O₅
and MgO) and iv) metal loading (5 to 20 wt. %). Throughout the characterization
data, it was confirmed that the optimized activation condition was at 90 minutes
sonication time either 3 hours under nitrogen activation condition or 4 hours under
air activation condition. From the XRD analysis, it was revealed the formation of
CuO phase under air condition (20CuAA(4h)) produced smaller average crystal size
of 23.6 nm compared to Cu phase produced under nitrogen condition
(20CuAN(3h)), 30.1 nm. Moreover, effect of catalyst support has confirmed the
MgO catalyst (10CuMA) produced highly dispersed of CuO phase with an average
crystal size smaller than Ah03 catalyst (10CuAA), 8.5 and 24.7 nm respectively.
FESEM and TEM analysis also confirmed the MgO catalyst (10CuMA) produces small
CuO nanocatalyst with lamella-like structure. The selected catalyst (5 to 20 wt. %
of CuO/MgO catalyst) was performed under the transesterification reaction with a
fixed parameter: 1 % w/w catalyst, temperature (65°C), molar ratio of methanol
to oil (10:1) and 6 hours reaction time. Throughout the study, 10 wt. % of
CuO/MgO catalyst (10CuMA) showed a high catalytic activity with high conversion
and high selectivity of palmitic acid, 97.2 % and 51.5 % respectively. From the XRD
analysis, it was observed an average crystal size of CuO for 10CuMA catalyst was
8.5 nm. While from the BET analysis, it showed the 10CuMA catalysts is a
mesoporous nanocatalyst (133.9 cm³ g⁻¹) with an average pore diameter is less
than 5 nm. FESEM and TEM analysis observed the 10CuMA catalyst consist of
nanoparticles with lamella-like structure. From the thermal analysis, it was
determined the 10CuMA catalyst consists of three stages of thermal decomposition
with 29.4 % of weight loss and 70.6 % of ash residue. Overall the biodiesel
produced by the 10CuMA catalyst meet the requirement of EN14214 standards with
the acid value of less than 0.5 mg' KOH g-l and low iodine value. |
|---|