Larval development of Sandfish (Holothuria Scabra) under different feeding regime

Sandfish (Holothuria scabra) is one of the most widely cultured sea cucumber species in the Indo Pacific regions. Unfortunately, most of the sandfish farmer relies almost entirely on the wild seeds. Therefore, hatchery seed production is now underway to meet the needs of aquaculture. Understanding t...

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Main Author:	Noor Adzlina Abidin
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Published:	2017
Subjects:	SH Aquaculture Fisheries Angling
Online Access:	https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/26502/1/Larval%20development%20of%20Sandfish%20%28Holothuria%20Scabra%29%20under%20different%20feeding%20regime.pdf
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spelling	my-ums-ep.265022020-12-17T08:46:35Z Larval development of Sandfish (Holothuria Scabra) under different feeding regime 2017 Noor Adzlina Abidin SH Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling Sandfish (Holothuria scabra) is one of the most widely cultured sea cucumber species in the Indo Pacific regions. Unfortunately, most of the sandfish farmer relies almost entirely on the wild seeds. Therefore, hatchery seed production is now underway to meet the needs of aquaculture. Understanding the feeding regime is very crucial because it influenced the growth performance and affects the yield in the hatchery. In this study, three experiments were conducted with three objectives, (1) to determine the developmental period of different stages of sandfish larvae, (2) to determine the effects of different diet and stocking density and (3) to determine the effects of different feeding regimes on the growth performance of sandfish larvae. Fertilized eggs used in this study were obtained via artificial and natural spawning. The larval developmental period was determined by observing the larvae daily. Six growth stages were recorded; gastrula (24 hours after fertilization), early auricularia (day 2), mid auricularia (day 4), late auricularia (day 6), doliolaria (day 21) and pentactula (day 26). To achieve the second objective, Nannochloropsis sp. and Chaetoceros calcitrans were tested to three different stocking densities (1, 1.5 and 2 larvae ml-1) on the 2 days after hatching (dAH) larvae in a factorial experiment. The experiment was carried out using 4.5 L plastic containers randomly arranged in a 2 tonnes HDPE tank, used as water bath with the temperature controlled at 29 to 30°C. The findings revealed the larval growth was significantly affected (p<0.05) by the diet, but not significantly affected (p>0.05) by the stocking density. A single species diet of Nannochloropsis sp. at 1.5 larvae ml-1 demonstrated the highest growth (109.69±8.21%). This study also demonstrated a highly significant interaction (p<0.05) between diet and stocking density on the larval growth. However, the survival was not significantly affected (p>0.05) by the diet and stocking density. There was a negative interaction (p>0.05) between diet and stocking density on the survival of the larvae. Although the highest survival was in the larvae fed on Nannochloropsis sp. at 2 larvae ml-1 (1.2±1.05%), but the metamorphosis was observed on day 12. On the other hand, C. calcitrans at 2 larvae ml-1 demonstrate the fastest (day 6) and highest metamorphic percentage compared to the other diets. Based on the results, five feeding regimes and two feed concentrations were tested in a factorial experiment. There was a significant interaction (p<0.05) between feeding regime and feed concentration on the growth of the larvae. N2C feeding regime at 4×104 cells ml-1 demonstrates the highest growth (38.09± 6.6%). The growth was significantly affected (p<0.05) by the feeding regime, but not significantly affected (p>0.05) by the feed concentration. Similarly, the survival was also significantly affected (p<0.05) by the feeding regime but not significantly affected (p>0.05) by the feed concentration. The highest survival was recorded in the larvae fed with a single feeding regime of Nannochloropsis sp. at 2×104 cells ml-1 (1.37±0.13%). However, there was a negative interaction (p>0.05) between these two factors on the survival of the larvae. Establishment of the larval rearing techniques of sandfish, particularly in the optimization of feeding regime is important as it influences the growth performance and yield of hatchery produced sandfish. 2017 Thesis https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/26502/ https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/26502/1/Larval%20development%20of%20Sandfish%20%28Holothuria%20Scabra%29%20under%20different%20feeding%20regime.pdf text en validuser mphil masters Universiti Malaysia Sabah Borneo Marine Research Institute
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sabah
collection	UMS Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	SH Aquaculture Fisheries Angling
spellingShingle	SH Aquaculture Fisheries Angling Noor Adzlina Abidin Larval development of Sandfish (Holothuria Scabra) under different feeding regime
description	Sandfish (Holothuria scabra) is one of the most widely cultured sea cucumber species in the Indo Pacific regions. Unfortunately, most of the sandfish farmer relies almost entirely on the wild seeds. Therefore, hatchery seed production is now underway to meet the needs of aquaculture. Understanding the feeding regime is very crucial because it influenced the growth performance and affects the yield in the hatchery. In this study, three experiments were conducted with three objectives, (1) to determine the developmental period of different stages of sandfish larvae, (2) to determine the effects of different diet and stocking density and (3) to determine the effects of different feeding regimes on the growth performance of sandfish larvae. Fertilized eggs used in this study were obtained via artificial and natural spawning. The larval developmental period was determined by observing the larvae daily. Six growth stages were recorded; gastrula (24 hours after fertilization), early auricularia (day 2), mid auricularia (day 4), late auricularia (day 6), doliolaria (day 21) and pentactula (day 26). To achieve the second objective, Nannochloropsis sp. and Chaetoceros calcitrans were tested to three different stocking densities (1, 1.5 and 2 larvae ml-1) on the 2 days after hatching (dAH) larvae in a factorial experiment. The experiment was carried out using 4.5 L plastic containers randomly arranged in a 2 tonnes HDPE tank, used as water bath with the temperature controlled at 29 to 30°C. The findings revealed the larval growth was significantly affected (p<0.05) by the diet, but not significantly affected (p>0.05) by the stocking density. A single species diet of Nannochloropsis sp. at 1.5 larvae ml-1 demonstrated the highest growth (109.69±8.21%). This study also demonstrated a highly significant interaction (p<0.05) between diet and stocking density on the larval growth. However, the survival was not significantly affected (p>0.05) by the diet and stocking density. There was a negative interaction (p>0.05) between diet and stocking density on the survival of the larvae. Although the highest survival was in the larvae fed on Nannochloropsis sp. at 2 larvae ml-1 (1.2±1.05%), but the metamorphosis was observed on day 12. On the other hand, C. calcitrans at 2 larvae ml-1 demonstrate the fastest (day 6) and highest metamorphic percentage compared to the other diets. Based on the results, five feeding regimes and two feed concentrations were tested in a factorial experiment. There was a significant interaction (p<0.05) between feeding regime and feed concentration on the growth of the larvae. N2C feeding regime at 4×104 cells ml-1 demonstrates the highest growth (38.09± 6.6%). The growth was significantly affected (p<0.05) by the feeding regime, but not significantly affected (p>0.05) by the feed concentration. Similarly, the survival was also significantly affected (p<0.05) by the feeding regime but not significantly affected (p>0.05) by the feed concentration. The highest survival was recorded in the larvae fed with a single feeding regime of Nannochloropsis sp. at 2×104 cells ml-1 (1.37±0.13%). However, there was a negative interaction (p>0.05) between these two factors on the survival of the larvae. Establishment of the larval rearing techniques of sandfish, particularly in the optimization of feeding regime is important as it influences the growth performance and yield of hatchery produced sandfish.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.)
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Noor Adzlina Abidin
author_facet	Noor Adzlina Abidin
author_sort	Noor Adzlina Abidin
title	Larval development of Sandfish (Holothuria Scabra) under different feeding regime
title_short	Larval development of Sandfish (Holothuria Scabra) under different feeding regime
title_full	Larval development of Sandfish (Holothuria Scabra) under different feeding regime
title_fullStr	Larval development of Sandfish (Holothuria Scabra) under different feeding regime
title_full_unstemmed	Larval development of Sandfish (Holothuria Scabra) under different feeding regime
title_sort	larval development of sandfish (holothuria scabra) under different feeding regime
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Sabah
granting_department	Borneo Marine Research Institute
publishDate	2017
url	https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/26502/1/Larval%20development%20of%20Sandfish%20%28Holothuria%20Scabra%29%20under%20different%20feeding%20regime.pdf
_version_	1747836557985841152

Larval development of Sandfish (Holothuria Scabra) under different feeding regime

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