Distribution of anopheles mosquitoes and plasmodium knowlesi transmission in Kudat, Sabah Borneo

The zoonotic malaria caused by Plasmodium knowlesi (Pk) threatens the rural residents in Sabah. This disease is transmitted by mosquitoes of genus Anopheles. A study was carried out with the main objective to collect distribution data of Anopheles in Kudat, to investigate whether land use or land co...

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Main Author:	Ng, Sui Hann
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2018
Subjects:	RA643-645 Disease (Communicable and noninfectious) and public health
Online Access:	https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/37881/1/24%20PAGES.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/37881/2/FULLTEXT.pdf
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spelling	my-ums-ep.378812023-12-21T03:25:27Z Distribution of anopheles mosquitoes and plasmodium knowlesi transmission in Kudat, Sabah Borneo 2018 Ng, Sui Hann RA643-645 Disease (Communicable and noninfectious) and public health The zoonotic malaria caused by Plasmodium knowlesi (Pk) threatens the rural residents in Sabah. This disease is transmitted by mosquitoes of genus Anopheles. A study was carried out with the main objective to collect distribution data of Anopheles in Kudat, to investigate whether land use or land cover (LULC) affects the mosquito distribution. Another objective is to examine the parity, proportion of mosquito infected with malaria parasites and estimate longevity of the main vector. Six LULC, namely clearing, forest, rubber, coconut, oil palm plantation and settlement were classified. Mosquito population was sampled from February 2015 to January 2016 in all LULCs. Outdoor human landing catch was performed in 1800-2400 hour to collect exophilic Anopheles. A total of 1,910 individuals, comprised of eight species were collected. The most abundant species was Anopheles ba/abacensis (85%), followed by Anopheles dona/di (6.23%), An. barbumbrosus (3.72%), An. tesse/latus (1.52%), An. maculatus (1.52%), An. barbirostris (1.26%), An. introlatus (0.42%), and An. umbrosus group (0.58%). The highest peak of population was recorded in September 2015, with the peak biting time at 1800-2000 hour throughout the year. Generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) analysis, incorporating negative binomial distribution showed that the number of An. balabacensis collected at clearing (mean 2.98) was significantly lower than coconut (mean 7.12, z-ration=-2.89, p-value=0.045), oil palm plantation (mean 7.13, z=-3.04, p=0.03), forest (mean 7.99, z=-3.25, p=0.01) and settlement (mean 7.70, z=-3.21, p=0.02). Besides LULC, wind speed and rain fall are likely factors to affect mosquito caught. The pattern of mosquito distribution can be described as seasonal. It correlates positively (Kendall tau = 0.867, p < 0.05) to monthly rainfall up to the threshold level of 350mm. All Anopheles collected in Jun 2015 - January 2016 were dissected for the presence of Plasmodium sporozoite in salivary glands and oocytes on midgut wall. As a result, total of 36 individuals of Anopheles balabacensis were infected with malaria parasites, with the highest infection rate (5.45%, n=256) in September 2015. The parity rate of An. balabacensis fluctuated little (54.11±3%) in all LULC throughout the year. The highest entomological inoculation rate (EIR) was 0.14. The longevity of an infective An. balabacensis was estimated 5-6 days. Mosquito controls such as source reduction and fogging to be carried out at 1800-2000 hour are recommended during drought period. 2018 Thesis https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/37881/ https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/37881/1/24%20PAGES.pdf text en public https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/37881/2/FULLTEXT.pdf text en validuser masters Universiti Malaysia Sabah Faculty Of Medicine and Health Sciences
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sabah
collection	UMS Institutional Repository
language	English English
topic	RA643-645 Disease (Communicable and noninfectious) and public health
spellingShingle	RA643-645 Disease (Communicable and noninfectious) and public health Ng, Sui Hann Distribution of anopheles mosquitoes and plasmodium knowlesi transmission in Kudat, Sabah Borneo
description	The zoonotic malaria caused by Plasmodium knowlesi (Pk) threatens the rural residents in Sabah. This disease is transmitted by mosquitoes of genus Anopheles. A study was carried out with the main objective to collect distribution data of Anopheles in Kudat, to investigate whether land use or land cover (LULC) affects the mosquito distribution. Another objective is to examine the parity, proportion of mosquito infected with malaria parasites and estimate longevity of the main vector. Six LULC, namely clearing, forest, rubber, coconut, oil palm plantation and settlement were classified. Mosquito population was sampled from February 2015 to January 2016 in all LULCs. Outdoor human landing catch was performed in 1800-2400 hour to collect exophilic Anopheles. A total of 1,910 individuals, comprised of eight species were collected. The most abundant species was Anopheles ba/abacensis (85%), followed by Anopheles dona/di (6.23%), An. barbumbrosus (3.72%), An. tesse/latus (1.52%), An. maculatus (1.52%), An. barbirostris (1.26%), An. introlatus (0.42%), and An. umbrosus group (0.58%). The highest peak of population was recorded in September 2015, with the peak biting time at 1800-2000 hour throughout the year. Generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) analysis, incorporating negative binomial distribution showed that the number of An. balabacensis collected at clearing (mean 2.98) was significantly lower than coconut (mean 7.12, z-ration=-2.89, p-value=0.045), oil palm plantation (mean 7.13, z=-3.04, p=0.03), forest (mean 7.99, z=-3.25, p=0.01) and settlement (mean 7.70, z=-3.21, p=0.02). Besides LULC, wind speed and rain fall are likely factors to affect mosquito caught. The pattern of mosquito distribution can be described as seasonal. It correlates positively (Kendall tau = 0.867, p < 0.05) to monthly rainfall up to the threshold level of 350mm. All Anopheles collected in Jun 2015 - January 2016 were dissected for the presence of Plasmodium sporozoite in salivary glands and oocytes on midgut wall. As a result, total of 36 individuals of Anopheles balabacensis were infected with malaria parasites, with the highest infection rate (5.45%, n=256) in September 2015. The parity rate of An. balabacensis fluctuated little (54.11±3%) in all LULC throughout the year. The highest entomological inoculation rate (EIR) was 0.14. The longevity of an infective An. balabacensis was estimated 5-6 days. Mosquito controls such as source reduction and fogging to be carried out at 1800-2000 hour are recommended during drought period.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Ng, Sui Hann
author_facet	Ng, Sui Hann
author_sort	Ng, Sui Hann
title	Distribution of anopheles mosquitoes and plasmodium knowlesi transmission in Kudat, Sabah Borneo
title_short	Distribution of anopheles mosquitoes and plasmodium knowlesi transmission in Kudat, Sabah Borneo
title_full	Distribution of anopheles mosquitoes and plasmodium knowlesi transmission in Kudat, Sabah Borneo
title_fullStr	Distribution of anopheles mosquitoes and plasmodium knowlesi transmission in Kudat, Sabah Borneo
title_full_unstemmed	Distribution of anopheles mosquitoes and plasmodium knowlesi transmission in Kudat, Sabah Borneo
title_sort	distribution of anopheles mosquitoes and plasmodium knowlesi transmission in kudat, sabah borneo
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Sabah
granting_department	Faculty Of Medicine and Health Sciences
publishDate	2018
url	https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/37881/1/24%20PAGES.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/37881/2/FULLTEXT.pdf
_version_	1794022688712294400

Distribution of anopheles mosquitoes and plasmodium knowlesi transmission in Kudat, Sabah Borneo

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