Protein requirements and soybean meal products replacement for feed development of hybrid grouper, (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus X Epinephelus lanceolatus)

Hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ¥ x E lanceo!atus o) is one of the most popular aquaculture fish among grouper production. In order to develop a feed for hybrid grouper, three feeding experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 was conducted to determine the optimum protein and protein-sparin...

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Main Author:	Norfazreena Mohd Faudzi
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2019
Subjects:	SH151-179 Fish culture
Online Access:	https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/38056/1/24%20PAGES.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/38056/2/FULLTEXT.pdf
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id	my-ums-ep.38056
record_format	uketd_dc
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sabah
collection	UMS Institutional Repository
language	English English
topic	SH151-179 Fish culture
spellingShingle	SH151-179 Fish culture Norfazreena Mohd Faudzi Protein requirements and soybean meal products replacement for feed development of hybrid grouper, (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus X Epinephelus lanceolatus)
description	Hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ¥ x E lanceo!atus o) is one of the most popular aquaculture fish among grouper production. In order to develop a feed for hybrid grouper, three feeding experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 was conducted to determine the optimum protein and protein-sparing effect by dietary lipid in the feed for the hybrid grouper. The hybrid grouper juveniles (body weight, BW 6.6±0. lg) were fed with 12 experimental feed containing different levels of protein (45, SO and 55%) and lipid (8, 12, 16 and 20%) for 12 weeks. Experiment 2 was conducted to investigate the optimum level of soy protein concentrate (SPC) in replacement of fish meal (FM) for hybrid grouper. Six isoproteic (50% crude protein, CP) and isolipidic (12% crude lipid, CL) feed formulated to replace 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% of FM protein with SPC and a control feed without SPC were fed to triplicate groups of fish with initial BW 6.1±0.7g for 6 weeks. Experiment 3 was conducted to evaluate the supplementation of phytase in SPC and defatted soybean meal (DSM) based feed for hybrid grouper. Isoproteic (50% CP) and isolipidic (12% CL) feed were formulated with 30% of SPC or DSM protein at five levels of phytase supplementation 0, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 FTU/kg and feed with 100% of FM protein served as control feed. The feeds were fed to fish with initial BW 6.2±0.0g and 5.8±0. lg for 12 weeks. All of the fish were fed with experimental feed until apparent satiation level two times daily and growth was monitored at two weeks interval. At the end of all the experiments, final BW and number of fish were recorded and some fish (n=6) from each treatment were sacrificed for body indices and biochemical analysis. Apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) for all the trials was conducted at the end of the feeding trial. The fish intestine was sampled in Experiment 3 for histological observation. The growth of hybrid grouper in Experiment 1 showed an increasing trend when dietary protein and lipid levels increased from 45% to 55% and 8% to 16%, respectively. However, growth of fish fed with 20% of lipid was lower than those fed with 16% of lipid regardless of protein levels. Protein-sparing effect can be observed when dietary lipid increased from 8 to 16% in feed for hybrid grouper. No significant effect of increasing dietary protein and lipid levels was observed on the ADC of protein and lipid. Regression analysis on NPU showed that 50% dietary protein in combination of 16.5% dietary lipid is recommended for the hybrid grouper. Experiment 2 demonstrated that FM was able to be replaced partially up to 50% with SPC protein without significantly affected the growth performance. However, increasing the SPC level from 30% to 60% led to higher FCR and lower PER and NPU value compared to SPC0 and SPC20. In addition, the ADCs of protein and lipid decreased when the inclusion level of SPC increased from 0% to 60%. Regression analysis on specific growth rate suggested that highest growth of hybrid grouper was demonstrated at 21.4% replacement of SPC. In the Experiment 3, the growth of fish fed with SPC and DSM based feed with or without phytase was higher than fish fed control feed. The survival and intestine condition were not affected by the SPC and DSM feed. However, fish fed DSM based feed showed significantly higher feed intake, and lower NPU and ADC protein compared to control feed. The study indicates that hybrid grouper can utilize 30% of SPC and DSM protein replacement without phytase supplementation. Overall, the present study contributes to the current understanding on protein and sparing effect by dietary lipid and the use of soybean meal products in developing feed for hybrid grouper.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Norfazreena Mohd Faudzi
author_facet	Norfazreena Mohd Faudzi
author_sort	Norfazreena Mohd Faudzi
title	Protein requirements and soybean meal products replacement for feed development of hybrid grouper, (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus X Epinephelus lanceolatus)
title_short	Protein requirements and soybean meal products replacement for feed development of hybrid grouper, (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus X Epinephelus lanceolatus)
title_full	Protein requirements and soybean meal products replacement for feed development of hybrid grouper, (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus X Epinephelus lanceolatus)
title_fullStr	Protein requirements and soybean meal products replacement for feed development of hybrid grouper, (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus X Epinephelus lanceolatus)
title_full_unstemmed	Protein requirements and soybean meal products replacement for feed development of hybrid grouper, (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus X Epinephelus lanceolatus)
title_sort	protein requirements and soybean meal products replacement for feed development of hybrid grouper, (epinephelus fuscoguttatus x epinephelus lanceolatus)
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Sabah
granting_department	Institut Penyelidikan Marin Borneo
publishDate	2019
url	https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/38056/1/24%20PAGES.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/38056/2/FULLTEXT.pdf
_version_	1794022703476244480
spelling	my-ums-ep.380562024-01-31T07:12:11Z Protein requirements and soybean meal products replacement for feed development of hybrid grouper, (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus X Epinephelus lanceolatus) 2019 Norfazreena Mohd Faudzi SH151-179 Fish culture Hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ¥ x E lanceo!atus o) is one of the most popular aquaculture fish among grouper production. In order to develop a feed for hybrid grouper, three feeding experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 was conducted to determine the optimum protein and protein-sparing effect by dietary lipid in the feed for the hybrid grouper. The hybrid grouper juveniles (body weight, BW 6.6±0. lg) were fed with 12 experimental feed containing different levels of protein (45, SO and 55%) and lipid (8, 12, 16 and 20%) for 12 weeks. Experiment 2 was conducted to investigate the optimum level of soy protein concentrate (SPC) in replacement of fish meal (FM) for hybrid grouper. Six isoproteic (50% crude protein, CP) and isolipidic (12% crude lipid, CL) feed formulated to replace 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% of FM protein with SPC and a control feed without SPC were fed to triplicate groups of fish with initial BW 6.1±0.7g for 6 weeks. Experiment 3 was conducted to evaluate the supplementation of phytase in SPC and defatted soybean meal (DSM) based feed for hybrid grouper. Isoproteic (50% CP) and isolipidic (12% CL) feed were formulated with 30% of SPC or DSM protein at five levels of phytase supplementation 0, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 FTU/kg and feed with 100% of FM protein served as control feed. The feeds were fed to fish with initial BW 6.2±0.0g and 5.8±0. lg for 12 weeks. All of the fish were fed with experimental feed until apparent satiation level two times daily and growth was monitored at two weeks interval. At the end of all the experiments, final BW and number of fish were recorded and some fish (n=6) from each treatment were sacrificed for body indices and biochemical analysis. Apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) for all the trials was conducted at the end of the feeding trial. The fish intestine was sampled in Experiment 3 for histological observation. The growth of hybrid grouper in Experiment 1 showed an increasing trend when dietary protein and lipid levels increased from 45% to 55% and 8% to 16%, respectively. However, growth of fish fed with 20% of lipid was lower than those fed with 16% of lipid regardless of protein levels. Protein-sparing effect can be observed when dietary lipid increased from 8 to 16% in feed for hybrid grouper. No significant effect of increasing dietary protein and lipid levels was observed on the ADC of protein and lipid. Regression analysis on NPU showed that 50% dietary protein in combination of 16.5% dietary lipid is recommended for the hybrid grouper. Experiment 2 demonstrated that FM was able to be replaced partially up to 50% with SPC protein without significantly affected the growth performance. However, increasing the SPC level from 30% to 60% led to higher FCR and lower PER and NPU value compared to SPC0 and SPC20. In addition, the ADCs of protein and lipid decreased when the inclusion level of SPC increased from 0% to 60%. Regression analysis on specific growth rate suggested that highest growth of hybrid grouper was demonstrated at 21.4% replacement of SPC. In the Experiment 3, the growth of fish fed with SPC and DSM based feed with or without phytase was higher than fish fed control feed. The survival and intestine condition were not affected by the SPC and DSM feed. However, fish fed DSM based feed showed significantly higher feed intake, and lower NPU and ADC protein compared to control feed. The study indicates that hybrid grouper can utilize 30% of SPC and DSM protein replacement without phytase supplementation. Overall, the present study contributes to the current understanding on protein and sparing effect by dietary lipid and the use of soybean meal products in developing feed for hybrid grouper. 2019 Thesis https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/38056/ https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/38056/1/24%20PAGES.pdf text en public https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/38056/2/FULLTEXT.pdf text en validuser dphil doctoral Universiti Malaysia Sabah Institut Penyelidikan Marin Borneo

Protein requirements and soybean meal products replacement for feed development of hybrid grouper, (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus X Epinephelus lanceolatus)

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