The chemical characterisation and bioactive potential of secondary metabolites in curry leaf (Murraya koenigii L. Spreng)

Murraya koenigii L. Spreng (curry leaf) is a small perennial shrub in the family Rutaceae. Widely distributed throughout tropical Asia, its aromatic leaves are used in culinary and folk medicine. Extraction efficiency using three different solvent systems was investigated using soxhlet system where...

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Main Author:	Nagappan, Thilahgavani
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2014
Subjects:	QK710-899 Plant physiology
Online Access:	https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/38503/1/24%20PAGES.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/38503/2/FULLTEXT.pdf
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spelling	my-ums-ep.385032024-04-15T07:34:22Z The chemical characterisation and bioactive potential of secondary metabolites in curry leaf (Murraya koenigii L. Spreng) 2014 Nagappan, Thilahgavani QK710-899 Plant physiology Murraya koenigii L. Spreng (curry leaf) is a small perennial shrub in the family Rutaceae. Widely distributed throughout tropical Asia, its aromatic leaves are used in culinary and folk medicine. Extraction efficiency using three different solvent systems was investigated using soxhlet system where ethanol produced the best quality and quantity. Hence, specimens from seven locations in Malaysia were investigated for their chemical fingerprint and bioactive potentials. Essential oil was extracted using hydro-distillation technique and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GCMS) analysis revealed the presence of 61 types of volatile metabolites. Major chemotaxonomical markers were β-caryophyllene and ahumulene and the minor chemotaxonomical markers were β-elemene, aromadendrene, β-selinene, spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide, viridiflorol, 2- naphthalenemethanol, trivertal and juniper camphor. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technique yielded three major metabolites and their structures elucidated as mahanine (I), mahanimbicine (II) and mahanimbine (III). Preparative Thick Layer Chromatography (PTLC) technique isolation gave koenimbine (IV), koenidine (V) and neo-mahanine (VI) were isolated and elucidated. Antibacterial activity of extract revealed potent inhibition against four environmental strains and pathogenic strains with the MIC between 0.25 to 0.063 mg/ml while mahanine (I), mahanimbicine (II), mahanimbine (III) and essential oil activity against antibiotic resistant strains showed promising MIC and MBC values. Essential oil exhibits bacteriostatic potential against Escherchia coli and Salmonella thypimurium by suppressing the growth to 105 and 104 CFU/ml respectively within 12 hours at 25 °c and to 104 CFU/ml ranged from Day 1 to Day 3 at 4 °c in food model. Cytotoxicity against mahanine (I), mahanimbicine (II), mahanimbine (III) and essential oil were evaluated against MCF-7, HeLa and P388. The IC50 values of mahanimbine (III) against MCF-7 cell line, P388 cell line and Hela cell line were 2.12 μg/ml, 5.0 μg/ml and 1.98 μg/ml respectively while the IC50 values of essential oil against MCF-7 cell line, P388 cell line and HeLa were 6.00 μg/ml, 7.01 μg/ml and 2.83 μg/ml. Mahanimbine (III) was found to cause cell arrest in sub Gl phase of MCF-7 cells and induce apoptosis via up-regulation of pro-apoptotic proteins, down-regulation of anti-apoptotic protein, activation caspase-7 and cleavage of PARP. Wound treated with mahanimbicine (II) and extract showed the highest rate of collagen deposition with well-organized collagen bands, formation of fibroblasts, hair follicle buds and reduced number of inflammatory cells as extract promotes significant wounds contraction by Day 4. This plant is an ideal candidate for further pharmacological investigation. 2014 Thesis https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/38503/ https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/38503/1/24%20PAGES.pdf text en public https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/38503/2/FULLTEXT.pdf text en validuser dphil doctoral Universiti Malaysia Sabah Institut Biologi Tropika dan Pemuliharaan
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sabah
collection	UMS Institutional Repository
language	English English
topic	QK710-899 Plant physiology
spellingShingle	QK710-899 Plant physiology Nagappan, Thilahgavani The chemical characterisation and bioactive potential of secondary metabolites in curry leaf (Murraya koenigii L. Spreng)
description	Murraya koenigii L. Spreng (curry leaf) is a small perennial shrub in the family Rutaceae. Widely distributed throughout tropical Asia, its aromatic leaves are used in culinary and folk medicine. Extraction efficiency using three different solvent systems was investigated using soxhlet system where ethanol produced the best quality and quantity. Hence, specimens from seven locations in Malaysia were investigated for their chemical fingerprint and bioactive potentials. Essential oil was extracted using hydro-distillation technique and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GCMS) analysis revealed the presence of 61 types of volatile metabolites. Major chemotaxonomical markers were β-caryophyllene and ahumulene and the minor chemotaxonomical markers were β-elemene, aromadendrene, β-selinene, spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide, viridiflorol, 2- naphthalenemethanol, trivertal and juniper camphor. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technique yielded three major metabolites and their structures elucidated as mahanine (I), mahanimbicine (II) and mahanimbine (III). Preparative Thick Layer Chromatography (PTLC) technique isolation gave koenimbine (IV), koenidine (V) and neo-mahanine (VI) were isolated and elucidated. Antibacterial activity of extract revealed potent inhibition against four environmental strains and pathogenic strains with the MIC between 0.25 to 0.063 mg/ml while mahanine (I), mahanimbicine (II), mahanimbine (III) and essential oil activity against antibiotic resistant strains showed promising MIC and MBC values. Essential oil exhibits bacteriostatic potential against Escherchia coli and Salmonella thypimurium by suppressing the growth to 105 and 104 CFU/ml respectively within 12 hours at 25 °c and to 104 CFU/ml ranged from Day 1 to Day 3 at 4 °c in food model. Cytotoxicity against mahanine (I), mahanimbicine (II), mahanimbine (III) and essential oil were evaluated against MCF-7, HeLa and P388. The IC50 values of mahanimbine (III) against MCF-7 cell line, P388 cell line and Hela cell line were 2.12 μg/ml, 5.0 μg/ml and 1.98 μg/ml respectively while the IC50 values of essential oil against MCF-7 cell line, P388 cell line and HeLa were 6.00 μg/ml, 7.01 μg/ml and 2.83 μg/ml. Mahanimbine (III) was found to cause cell arrest in sub Gl phase of MCF-7 cells and induce apoptosis via up-regulation of pro-apoptotic proteins, down-regulation of anti-apoptotic protein, activation caspase-7 and cleavage of PARP. Wound treated with mahanimbicine (II) and extract showed the highest rate of collagen deposition with well-organized collagen bands, formation of fibroblasts, hair follicle buds and reduced number of inflammatory cells as extract promotes significant wounds contraction by Day 4. This plant is an ideal candidate for further pharmacological investigation.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Nagappan, Thilahgavani
author_facet	Nagappan, Thilahgavani
author_sort	Nagappan, Thilahgavani
title	The chemical characterisation and bioactive potential of secondary metabolites in curry leaf (Murraya koenigii L. Spreng)
title_short	The chemical characterisation and bioactive potential of secondary metabolites in curry leaf (Murraya koenigii L. Spreng)
title_full	The chemical characterisation and bioactive potential of secondary metabolites in curry leaf (Murraya koenigii L. Spreng)
title_fullStr	The chemical characterisation and bioactive potential of secondary metabolites in curry leaf (Murraya koenigii L. Spreng)
title_full_unstemmed	The chemical characterisation and bioactive potential of secondary metabolites in curry leaf (Murraya koenigii L. Spreng)
title_sort	chemical characterisation and bioactive potential of secondary metabolites in curry leaf (murraya koenigii l. spreng)
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Sabah
granting_department	Institut Biologi Tropika dan Pemuliharaan
publishDate	2014
url	https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/38503/1/24%20PAGES.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/38503/2/FULLTEXT.pdf
_version_	1804890318341931008

The chemical characterisation and bioactive potential of secondary metabolites in curry leaf (Murraya koenigii L. Spreng)

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