Sulphate attack resistance of mortar containing spent bleaching earth ash

In this study, the spent bleaching earth ash (SBEA) was used as partial cement replacement to determine its effects on the sulphate resistance of mortar. Sulphate attack resistance of concrete containing SBEA has been studied previously and acknowledged to enhance the sulphate resistance of concrete...

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Main Author:	Raihana Farahiyah Abd Rahman
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2023
Subjects:	TA401-492 Materials of engineering and construction Mechanics of materials
Online Access:	https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/39112/1/24%20PAGES.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/39112/2/FULLTEXT.pdf
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spelling	my-ums-ep.391122024-07-16T07:45:44Z Sulphate attack resistance of mortar containing spent bleaching earth ash 2023 Raihana Farahiyah Abd Rahman TA401-492 Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials In this study, the spent bleaching earth ash (SBEA) was used as partial cement replacement to determine its effects on the sulphate resistance of mortar. Sulphate attack resistance of concrete containing SBEA has been studied previously and acknowledged to enhance the sulphate resistance of concrete. However, the knowledge on the effect of particle size and level of replacement of SBEA on sulphate attack resistance of mortar is still limited. The physical, chemical, mineralogical and microstructural properties of unground spent bleaching earth ash (USBEA) and ground spent bleaching earth ash (GSBEA) were characterized by using laser particle analysis, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The use of USBEA and GSBEA as cement replacement at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% were prepared for mortar mixture in this study. The pozzolanic activity of SBEA was evaluated through strength activity index (SAI) test at 7, 28, and 90 days. The effect of USBEA and GSBEA on the expansion of mortar bar after being immersed in 5% sodium sulphate solution was evaluated according to ASTM C1012 by measuring the length change of mortar bars at 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 13, 15 weeks and subsequent length change was measured at 4 and 6 months. The grinding process of GSBEA resulted in smaller particle size (704 m2/kg) and higher specific surface area than USBEA (390 m2/kg). It was found that 40% of GSBEA showed the highest SAI with 135.16% and 136.17% at 28 and 90 days compared to other specimens. The expansion of mortar bar containing 40% GSBEA also showed the lowest expansion value (0.01%) at 6 months. Lower amount of calcium hydroxide (CH) was determined on mortar containing 40% GSBEA showing that it was consumed through pozzolanic reaction to form additional calcium silicate hydrate (CSH). Based on the SEM analysis, CSH was found in mortar containing 40% of GSBEA. This study also discovered that replacing cement with 40% of GSBEA reduced the expansion of mortar due to sulphate attack. Therefore, 40% of GSBEA as partial cement replacement has the potential to improve the sulphate resistance of mortar. 2023 Thesis https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/39112/ https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/39112/1/24%20PAGES.pdf text en public https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/39112/2/FULLTEXT.pdf text en validuser dphil doctoral Universiti Malaysia Sabah Faculty of Engineering
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sabah
collection	UMS Institutional Repository
language	English English
topic	TA401-492 Materials of engineering and construction Mechanics of materials
spellingShingle	TA401-492 Materials of engineering and construction Mechanics of materials Raihana Farahiyah Abd Rahman Sulphate attack resistance of mortar containing spent bleaching earth ash
description	In this study, the spent bleaching earth ash (SBEA) was used as partial cement replacement to determine its effects on the sulphate resistance of mortar. Sulphate attack resistance of concrete containing SBEA has been studied previously and acknowledged to enhance the sulphate resistance of concrete. However, the knowledge on the effect of particle size and level of replacement of SBEA on sulphate attack resistance of mortar is still limited. The physical, chemical, mineralogical and microstructural properties of unground spent bleaching earth ash (USBEA) and ground spent bleaching earth ash (GSBEA) were characterized by using laser particle analysis, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The use of USBEA and GSBEA as cement replacement at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% were prepared for mortar mixture in this study. The pozzolanic activity of SBEA was evaluated through strength activity index (SAI) test at 7, 28, and 90 days. The effect of USBEA and GSBEA on the expansion of mortar bar after being immersed in 5% sodium sulphate solution was evaluated according to ASTM C1012 by measuring the length change of mortar bars at 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 13, 15 weeks and subsequent length change was measured at 4 and 6 months. The grinding process of GSBEA resulted in smaller particle size (704 m2/kg) and higher specific surface area than USBEA (390 m2/kg). It was found that 40% of GSBEA showed the highest SAI with 135.16% and 136.17% at 28 and 90 days compared to other specimens. The expansion of mortar bar containing 40% GSBEA also showed the lowest expansion value (0.01%) at 6 months. Lower amount of calcium hydroxide (CH) was determined on mortar containing 40% GSBEA showing that it was consumed through pozzolanic reaction to form additional calcium silicate hydrate (CSH). Based on the SEM analysis, CSH was found in mortar containing 40% of GSBEA. This study also discovered that replacing cement with 40% of GSBEA reduced the expansion of mortar due to sulphate attack. Therefore, 40% of GSBEA as partial cement replacement has the potential to improve the sulphate resistance of mortar.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Raihana Farahiyah Abd Rahman
author_facet	Raihana Farahiyah Abd Rahman
author_sort	Raihana Farahiyah Abd Rahman
title	Sulphate attack resistance of mortar containing spent bleaching earth ash
title_short	Sulphate attack resistance of mortar containing spent bleaching earth ash
title_full	Sulphate attack resistance of mortar containing spent bleaching earth ash
title_fullStr	Sulphate attack resistance of mortar containing spent bleaching earth ash
title_full_unstemmed	Sulphate attack resistance of mortar containing spent bleaching earth ash
title_sort	sulphate attack resistance of mortar containing spent bleaching earth ash
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Sabah
granting_department	Faculty of Engineering
publishDate	2023
url	https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/39112/1/24%20PAGES.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/39112/2/FULLTEXT.pdf
_version_	1804890375493517312

Sulphate attack resistance of mortar containing spent bleaching earth ash

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