Antioxidant and anti-proliferative properties of selected zingiberaceae (Etlingera Spp. and Zingiber Spp.) endemic to Borneo
Zingiberaceae species have been used in traditional medicine since many years. First, ethnobotany of Zingiberaceae was studied in the past literature. The secondary data reviewed showed that about 54 species of Zingiberaceae from 12 genera were used as traditional medicine. E. belalongensis, E. velu...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English English |
| Published: |
2011
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/39147/1/24%20PAGES.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/39147/2/FULLTEXT.pdf |
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| Summary: | Zingiberaceae species have been used in traditional medicine since many years. First, ethnobotany of Zingiberaceae was studied in the past literature. The secondary data reviewed showed that about 54 species of Zingiberaceae from 12 genera were used as traditional medicine. E. belalongensis, E. velutina, Z pseudopungens and Z vinosum were selected for further investigation. Secondly, preliminary phytochemical screening tests using test tube and thin layer chromatography (TLC) were performed. The results showed that f1avanoid, alkaloid and saponin were present in the sample extracts. The total phenolic and flavonoid content of sample extracts were evaluated by using folin-ciocalteu and aluminium chloride colorometric method, respectively. The total phenolic and flavonoid content for methanolic extract were in the range of 5.3-41.7 mg GAE/g and 1.9-8.5 mg CE/g, respectively. Rhizome of Z vinosum displayed the highest value of total phenolic and flavonoid content. Evaluation of antioxidant activity was conducted using free radical-scavenging assay (DPPH), radical scavenging assay (ABTS) and ferric reducing power (FRAP assay). Rhizome of E. belalongensis had the highest DPPH with 49.5 ± 3.1 mg M/g in terms of AEAC (acid ascorbic equivalent antioxidant activity). However, rhizome of E. velutina showed the highest for ABTS with 3.2 ± 0.18 mM trolox equivalent/mg samples. FRAP value of E. velutina (stem) displayed high ferric reducing power with a value of 2.5 ± 0.16 mmol/g. Antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts was higher than aqueous extracts except for the ABTS assay. The third part of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity effects of the extracts by using MTT assays against several cancer cell lines such as MCF-7 (hormone dependent breast cancer), MDA-MB-231 (non-hormone dependent breast cancer), Hela (cervical cancer) and CaOV3 (ovarian cancer). The cancer cell lines were treated by sample extracts with concentration of 60-140 µg/ml at 48 and 72 hours. The sample extract only showed positive effect to the MDA-MB-231 cell lines with IC50 in between 51-96 µg/ml except for Z pseudopungens. The sample extracts that were effective to MDA-MB-231 were further analysed by cell cycle analysis for 48h and 72h by flow cytometry. Analysis of cell cycle showed cells were arrested in the sub-Gl phase. Etlingera species exhibited the highest antioxidant activity and anti-proliferative activity as compared to Zinglber species. The correlations indicated that the total amount of polyphenols is the major contributor to antioxidant and anti-cancer activity. With promising antioxidant and antiproliferative properties, methanolic extracts of E. belalongensis, E. velutina and Z vinosum have great potential to be developed into natural remedies based on herbal products, applicable to the food and nutraceutical industries. |
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