Determination of tree stem volume : A case study of Cinnamomum

Modelling of trees has attracted scientific research in various fields and disciplines since trees and forests play very important roles in the global system. It helps in the proper decision makings and implementation of policies. Hence, this research is designed such that the idea of determining th...

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Main Author:	Noraini Abdullah
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2013
Subjects:	SD1-669.5 Forestry
Online Access:	https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/41818/1/24%20PAGES.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/41818/2/FULLTEXT.pdf
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spelling	my-ums-ep.418182024-12-04T07:17:11Z Determination of tree stem volume : A case study of Cinnamomum 2013 Noraini Abdullah SD1-669.5 Forestry Modelling of trees has attracted scientific research in various fields and disciplines since trees and forests play very important roles in the global system. It helps in the proper decision makings and implementation of policies. Hence, this research is designed such that the idea of determining the best models and solving their parameters that give the best estimates are conceptualized. The significant factors and their relationships are identified through a modelling approach. A modeling approach is developed which focuses on the phases in the model-building procedures, effects of interactions variables on the model, minimizing the effects of multicollinearity on the variables and recommending remedial techniques to overcome them, identification of the significant variables by removing insignificant variables, selecting the best model using the eight selection criteria (8SCs), and finally using the residual analysis to validate the chosen best model. Illustrations and algorithms are incorporated into the procedures. Non-normal and nonlinear data variables are addressed, hence data characterization is presented. A data transformation approach is introduced, based on the different data characteristics using the maximum coefficient of determination (R2) and maximum p-value approaches. Transformations are numerically optimized for linearity and normality of models. The three stem biomass equations adopted are namely, the Newton, Huber and Smalian’s formulae, based on the multiple regression (MR) and polynomial regression (PR) techniques. Relevant mathematical models are identified from the 684 models obtained in estimating the volume and the biomass equations used. The best MR model is model M52.5.5 Newton, however, the best PR model (P57.14.6 Newton) is found to give an improved estimation. Comparisons between the MR and PR models of the case studies are analyzed based on the eight selection criteria (8SCs). Factors contributing to the stem volume estimation are identified as tree height (T) and diameter at base (Db) as main contributors, while diameter at the middle (Dm), breast height (Dbh) and top (Dt) are significant contributors. Simulations of the best models are done using the Maple software. 2013 Thesis https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/41818/ https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/41818/1/24%20PAGES.pdf text en public https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/41818/2/FULLTEXT.pdf text en validuser dphil doctoral Universiti Malaysia Sabah Sekolah Sains dan Teknologi
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sabah
collection	UMS Institutional Repository
language	English English
topic	SD1-669.5 Forestry
spellingShingle	SD1-669.5 Forestry Noraini Abdullah Determination of tree stem volume : A case study of Cinnamomum
description	Modelling of trees has attracted scientific research in various fields and disciplines since trees and forests play very important roles in the global system. It helps in the proper decision makings and implementation of policies. Hence, this research is designed such that the idea of determining the best models and solving their parameters that give the best estimates are conceptualized. The significant factors and their relationships are identified through a modelling approach. A modeling approach is developed which focuses on the phases in the model-building procedures, effects of interactions variables on the model, minimizing the effects of multicollinearity on the variables and recommending remedial techniques to overcome them, identification of the significant variables by removing insignificant variables, selecting the best model using the eight selection criteria (8SCs), and finally using the residual analysis to validate the chosen best model. Illustrations and algorithms are incorporated into the procedures. Non-normal and nonlinear data variables are addressed, hence data characterization is presented. A data transformation approach is introduced, based on the different data characteristics using the maximum coefficient of determination (R2) and maximum p-value approaches. Transformations are numerically optimized for linearity and normality of models. The three stem biomass equations adopted are namely, the Newton, Huber and Smalian’s formulae, based on the multiple regression (MR) and polynomial regression (PR) techniques. Relevant mathematical models are identified from the 684 models obtained in estimating the volume and the biomass equations used. The best MR model is model M52.5.5 Newton, however, the best PR model (P57.14.6 Newton) is found to give an improved estimation. Comparisons between the MR and PR models of the case studies are analyzed based on the eight selection criteria (8SCs). Factors contributing to the stem volume estimation are identified as tree height (T) and diameter at base (Db) as main contributors, while diameter at the middle (Dm), breast height (Dbh) and top (Dt) are significant contributors. Simulations of the best models are done using the Maple software.
format	Thesis
qualification_name	Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.)
qualification_level	Doctorate
author	Noraini Abdullah
author_facet	Noraini Abdullah
author_sort	Noraini Abdullah
title	Determination of tree stem volume : A case study of Cinnamomum
title_short	Determination of tree stem volume : A case study of Cinnamomum
title_full	Determination of tree stem volume : A case study of Cinnamomum
title_fullStr	Determination of tree stem volume : A case study of Cinnamomum
title_full_unstemmed	Determination of tree stem volume : A case study of Cinnamomum
title_sort	determination of tree stem volume : a case study of cinnamomum
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Sabah
granting_department	Sekolah Sains dan Teknologi
publishDate	2013
url	https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/41818/1/24%20PAGES.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/41818/2/FULLTEXT.pdf
_version_	1818611431864532992

Determination of tree stem volume : A case study of Cinnamomum

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