Potential of empty fruit bunch (EFB) treated with Ganoderma lucidum as feedstuff for ruminants
For the past years, there are growing interest in utilizing empty fruit bunch (EFB) as feed for ruminants. However, the potential use of EFB as ruminant feedstuff is still constrained by its high lignin content which is known to negatively correlate with the digestibility of ruminants. In the meanti...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English English |
| Published: |
2020
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42057/1/24%20PAGES.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42057/2/FULLTEXT.pdf |
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| Summary: | For the past years, there are growing interest in utilizing empty fruit bunch (EFB) as feed for ruminants. However, the potential use of EFB as ruminant feedstuff is still constrained by its high lignin content which is known to negatively correlate with the digestibility of ruminants. In the meantime, biological delignification using white-rot fungi was reported to enhance the feeding values of many locally available agricultural by-products for ruminant rations. Thus, this study was conducted to i) identify the Ganoderma lucidum isolate, and determine the ligninolytic enzyme activity of the fungal mycelia culture, ii) determine the nutritive composition and surface morphology of EFB treated with mycelia culture of G. lucidum and iii) determine the in vitro gas production kinetics and digestibility of EFB treated with mycelia culture of G. lucidum. The isolate of G. lucidum has been identified molecularly and its ligninolytic enzyme activity was determined using spectrophotometer. Shredded EFB was sterilized and inoculated with mycelia culture of G. lucidum. All inoculated EFB were incubated for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks. They were analysed for nutritive composition and their surface morphology were observed under the scanning electron microscope (SEM). In vitro gas production (IVGP) of incubated EFB were determined for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours of incubation time and its kinetics were fitted to the equation p=a+b(1–e-ct). The mycelia culture was identified as G. lucidum strain IUM 4303 (JQ520182.1). The enzyme activity assay showed that G. lucidum mycelia culture able to produce all the ligninolytic enzyme at 14th day of incubation where lignin peroxidase was recorded for 2.046 U mL-1, 0.012 U mL-1 for manganese peroxidase and 0.006 U mL-1 for laccase. All nutritive composition of treated EFB was changed significantly across the incubation period. Treated EFB at week 12 has the lowest fibre composition where cellulose with 22.08%, hemicellulose with 14.15% and lignin with only 7.49%. All fibre composition was degraded by 24% (cellulose), 29% (hemicellulose) and 41% (lignin) across the 12 weeks of incubation. The SEM images of treated EFB with G. lucidum showed that there was removal of silica bodies and great disruptions on the fibre surface. Treated EFB at week 12 have the highest IVGP (72.56 mL) with high a+b (73.79 mL) and c (0.025 mL hr-1) of gas production. It also has the highest IVDMD (77.2%) and IVOMD (69.78%). These results suggested that EFB have the potential to be utilized as one of the feed resources for ruminants after biological delignification using G. lucidum. |
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