Concentration of selected heavy metals in water adn surface sediment in Salut-Mengkabong Lagoon, Tuaran, Sabah

The accelerated development of human activities at lagoon area contributes to the increasing load of heavy metals into lagoon body which could cause adverse effects on organisms and environment. Most studies on heavy metals are not more than six months. Heavy metals have been studied mainly in sedim...

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Main Author:	Han Peirong
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English English
Published:	2020
Subjects:	TD1-1066 Environmental technology Sanitary engineering
Online Access:	https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42273/1/24%20PAGES.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42273/2/FULLTEXT.pdf
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spelling	my-ums-ep.422732024-12-16T04:11:55Z Concentration of selected heavy metals in water adn surface sediment in Salut-Mengkabong Lagoon, Tuaran, Sabah 2020 Han Peirong TD1-1066 Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering The accelerated development of human activities at lagoon area contributes to the increasing load of heavy metals into lagoon body which could cause adverse effects on organisms and environment. Most studies on heavy metals are not more than six months. Heavy metals have been studied mainly in sediment but not in water. It has been more than ten years since the last study related to heavy metal was reported at Salut Lagoon. Thus, the key objective of this study is to determine the concentrations and variations of five heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn) in both water and surface sediment in Salut-Mengkabong Lagoon for 9 months. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was used to determine the concentrations of heavy metals in digested samples. In this study, 1 ml water sample was digested with 65% HNO, at 100 ®C for 1 hour while 1 g sediment sample was digested with 40 ml aqua regia at 130 °C for 30 mins. By comparing with Interim Malaysian Marine Water Quality Standards (IMMWQS), Cu, Pb and Zn had relative high concentrations. As for Hong Kong Interim Sediment Quality Guidelines (ISQGs), only Cd and Zn were found to have higher concentrations than their standard values. Results of agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) and discriminant analysis (DA) showed that heavy metals had minimal spatial variation in water. In surface sediment, concentration of Cu, Pb and Zn showed dissimilar (higher) value at 56 compared to other stations. However, Cd and Cr had minimal spatial variation in surface sediment. According to principle component analysis (PCA) result, no relationship was found between heavy metals in lagoon water. In surface sediment, Cu, Pb and Zn were found to have positive significant relationship between each other, thus they probably came from the same source. Cr, Cu and Pb in water were found to have higher concentration in periods of south-west monsoon (SWM) than in north-east monsoon (NEM) while Zn in sediment was found to have higher concentration value in SWM than that in NEM. For other parameters, no relationship was found (P>0.005) between SWM and NEM. Results of indexes assessments showed that surface sediment were unpolluted except at 56 due to the enrichment of Cd. Concentration of heavy metal showed no relationship between water and surface sediment. Overall, lagoon water was found to have abundance of Cu, Pb and Zn while lagoon sediment was only slightly polluted for Cd at S6. 2020 Thesis https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42273/ https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42273/1/24%20PAGES.pdf text en public https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42273/2/FULLTEXT.pdf text en validuser masters Universiti Malaysia Sabah Fakulti Sains dan Sumber Alam
institution	Universiti Malaysia Sabah
collection	UMS Institutional Repository
language	English English
topic	TD1-1066 Environmental technology Sanitary engineering
spellingShingle	TD1-1066 Environmental technology Sanitary engineering Han Peirong Concentration of selected heavy metals in water adn surface sediment in Salut-Mengkabong Lagoon, Tuaran, Sabah
description	The accelerated development of human activities at lagoon area contributes to the increasing load of heavy metals into lagoon body which could cause adverse effects on organisms and environment. Most studies on heavy metals are not more than six months. Heavy metals have been studied mainly in sediment but not in water. It has been more than ten years since the last study related to heavy metal was reported at Salut Lagoon. Thus, the key objective of this study is to determine the concentrations and variations of five heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn) in both water and surface sediment in Salut-Mengkabong Lagoon for 9 months. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was used to determine the concentrations of heavy metals in digested samples. In this study, 1 ml water sample was digested with 65% HNO, at 100 ®C for 1 hour while 1 g sediment sample was digested with 40 ml aqua regia at 130 °C for 30 mins. By comparing with Interim Malaysian Marine Water Quality Standards (IMMWQS), Cu, Pb and Zn had relative high concentrations. As for Hong Kong Interim Sediment Quality Guidelines (ISQGs), only Cd and Zn were found to have higher concentrations than their standard values. Results of agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) and discriminant analysis (DA) showed that heavy metals had minimal spatial variation in water. In surface sediment, concentration of Cu, Pb and Zn showed dissimilar (higher) value at 56 compared to other stations. However, Cd and Cr had minimal spatial variation in surface sediment. According to principle component analysis (PCA) result, no relationship was found between heavy metals in lagoon water. In surface sediment, Cu, Pb and Zn were found to have positive significant relationship between each other, thus they probably came from the same source. Cr, Cu and Pb in water were found to have higher concentration in periods of south-west monsoon (SWM) than in north-east monsoon (NEM) while Zn in sediment was found to have higher concentration value in SWM than that in NEM. For other parameters, no relationship was found (P>0.005) between SWM and NEM. Results of indexes assessments showed that surface sediment were unpolluted except at 56 due to the enrichment of Cd. Concentration of heavy metal showed no relationship between water and surface sediment. Overall, lagoon water was found to have abundance of Cu, Pb and Zn while lagoon sediment was only slightly polluted for Cd at S6.
format	Thesis
qualification_level	Master's degree
author	Han Peirong
author_facet	Han Peirong
author_sort	Han Peirong
title	Concentration of selected heavy metals in water adn surface sediment in Salut-Mengkabong Lagoon, Tuaran, Sabah
title_short	Concentration of selected heavy metals in water adn surface sediment in Salut-Mengkabong Lagoon, Tuaran, Sabah
title_full	Concentration of selected heavy metals in water adn surface sediment in Salut-Mengkabong Lagoon, Tuaran, Sabah
title_fullStr	Concentration of selected heavy metals in water adn surface sediment in Salut-Mengkabong Lagoon, Tuaran, Sabah
title_full_unstemmed	Concentration of selected heavy metals in water adn surface sediment in Salut-Mengkabong Lagoon, Tuaran, Sabah
title_sort	concentration of selected heavy metals in water adn surface sediment in salut-mengkabong lagoon, tuaran, sabah
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Sabah
granting_department	Fakulti Sains dan Sumber Alam
publishDate	2020
url	https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42273/1/24%20PAGES.pdf https://eprints.ums.edu.my/id/eprint/42273/2/FULLTEXT.pdf
_version_	1818611455349489664

Concentration of selected heavy metals in water adn surface sediment in Salut-Mengkabong Lagoon, Tuaran, Sabah

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