Design of a portable continuous systolic blood pressure monitoring kit with built-in low and high blood pressure early warnings
About one in three adults in the United States have high blood pressure but high blood pressure itself usually has no symptoms. The prevalence of hypertension in Malaysians aged 30 years and above was 42.6%. The majority of cases (64%) in this country remain undiagnosed. Only 26% of Malaysian pat...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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| Online Access: | http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/13409/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/13409/2/Full%20text.pdf |
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| Summary: | About one in three adults in the United States have high blood pressure but high blood pressure
itself usually has no symptoms. The prevalence of hypertension in Malaysians aged 30 years and
above was 42.6%. The majority of cases (64%) in this country remain undiagnosed. Only 26% of
Malaysian patients achieved blood pressure control (<140/90 mmHg). Now days, many people
have high blood pressure for years without knowing it. Uncontrolled high blood pressure can lead to
stroke, heart attack, heart failure or kidney failure. This is why high blood pressure is often called
the "silent killer." The only way to tell if you have high blood pressure is to have your blood pressure
checked. Blood pressure is often measured using a device called a sphygmomanometer, a
stethoscope and a blood pressure cuff. Almost all the existing manual or automatic measuring
techniques of blood pressure are based on this principle, which is not convenient for continuous
monitoring of blood pressure. The objective of this study is to develop a portable continuous blood
pressure monitoring system using an electrocardiography (ECG) sensor and a pulse sensor. Two
methods were used to measure blood pressure continuously. The first method measures blood
pressure continuously based on Heart Rate (HR) and the second method is based on Pulse Wave
Transit Time (PWTT). Both methods were separately implemented for different techniques to
measure systolic blood pressure (SBP). The techniques that were used to model the relationship
between the PWTT or HR data to systolic blood pressure are linear regression model, non- linear
regression model and neural network model. Neural network model gave the smallest value of
mean of error and standard deviation of error for measuring blood pressure based on PWTT or HR.
These errors are acceptable and relatively small compared to the standard accuracy, which should
have a minimum mean of error value of 6 mmHg with a standard deviation of error of ±10mmHg.
The subjects that were involved in portable BP monitoring kit testing are normal blood pressure
subjects, low blood pressure subjects and high blood pressure subjects. All the data were taken
about five minutes for each subject and the results were monitored by medical cardiologist/doctor or
nurses. The accuracy of the SBP data from portable continuous BP monitoring kit was validated
using sphygmomanometer. The results indicate that the developed portable BP system is adequate
to be used for monitoring or measuring systolic blood pressure continuously. Warning system was
developed in this portable BP monitoring kit. The warning system is generated based on blood
pressure value and trend of increasing or decreasing of systolic blood pressure values. The warning
is given in form of alarm. The alarm will be “on” when the systolic blood pressure value goes more
than 140mmHg (High Blood Pressure) or less than 100mmHg (Low Blood Pressure) or if the SBP
increasing or decreasing trend in more than 5mmHg for each 30 seconds. |
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