A novel human blood-plasma separation efficiency measurement method based on ultrasonic technique

Clinical diagnosis of disease relies on the preliminary conclusions provided by blood testing. Accurate disease diagnosis exemplifies the crucial importance of proper separation of the blood plasma, which contains antibodies and proteins, from the platelets and red and white blood cells before testi...

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Main Author:	Muhammed Sabri, Salim
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Subjects:	Blood testing Blood plasma Ultrasonic technique Blood sepation techniques Disease diagnosis
Online Access:	http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/31907/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/31907/2/Full%20text.pdf
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spelling	my-unimap-319072014-02-13T10:32:33Z A novel human blood-plasma separation efficiency measurement method based on ultrasonic technique Muhammed Sabri, Salim Clinical diagnosis of disease relies on the preliminary conclusions provided by blood testing. Accurate disease diagnosis exemplifies the crucial importance of proper separation of the blood plasma, which contains antibodies and proteins, from the platelets and red and white blood cells before testing. The most common method of clinical blood separation is via centrifugation, based on sedimentation theory. Inaccuracy of blood-plasma separation occurs not only because cells vary from one person to another in their size and density but also due to variations in the human age, cellular environment and measurement technique. In addition, the sedimentation rate is affected by changes in the viscosity and density of the sample, which can lead to incomplete separation. The separation efficiency of a laboratory centrifuge device is enhanced by combining acoustic theory with sedimentation theory. The behaviour of waves propagating through a liquid during centrifugation is studied, and the acoustic transfer function model is derived. The derived acoustic transfer function facilitates the process of system performance assessment based on an off-line test of how changes in acoustic impedance affect a solution. This assessment will help to avoid costly experimental validation studies. Low concentrations of blood cells suspended in plasma samples were detected and measured via a new ultrasound pulse technique called Power-Pulser Decay (PPD). The PPD generates multi-decay pulses that are injected into the blood sample for a discrete centrifugation process to yield the detection ability for low concentrations of particles in a liquid. As a result, a new mathematical model for the separation efficiency is derived. This model is based on experimental work and defines the separation time of a constant working spinning velocity, which results in an optimised separation time for a predefined input of the separation efficiency. Based on these results, a new centrifugation controller is designed, and its performance is simulated. The results of the centrifugation time model demonstrate that centrifugation for 3 minutes at 3000 rpm for a 0.35-ml volume is sufficient to produce plasma with separation efficiency range of (95-100)%. The volume of 0.35 ml of 1ml blood sample was selected because this volume is sufficient for multiple types of disease tests. New centrifuge controller is designed based on a Fuzzy Logic Controller. The optimisation time model reveals that this controller saves approximately 2 minutes with 95% separation efficiency compared with the PID centrifuge controller. The new centrifuge controller allows for adjustable separation accuracy, a shorter separation time and low power consumption in comparison with the commercial centrifuge device. The controller successfully saves 18kWh monthly for assuming that the centrifuge is operated 100 times per day. The improved separation efficiency will lead to broad improvements in the centrifugation process, including the ability to define the percentage of separation and the separation accuracy for the contents of a solution. In medical applications, this technique will result in more accurate test results that can be obtained more quickly, which will improve the ability of physicians and patients to make important clinical decisions. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) 2013 Thesis en http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/dspace/handle/123456789/31907 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/31907/1/Page%201-24.pdf f55625b281140f56a2a54bcf1118ee01 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/31907/2/Full%20text.pdf 324c53214046feda1750c1bd69168a3a http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/31907/3/license.txt 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 Blood testing Blood plasma Ultrasonic technique Blood sepation techniques Disease diagnosis School of Mechatronics Engineering
institution	Universiti Malaysia Perlis
collection	UniMAP Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	Blood testing Blood plasma Ultrasonic technique Blood sepation techniques Disease diagnosis
spellingShingle	Blood testing Blood plasma Ultrasonic technique Blood sepation techniques Disease diagnosis Muhammed Sabri, Salim A novel human blood-plasma separation efficiency measurement method based on ultrasonic technique
description	Clinical diagnosis of disease relies on the preliminary conclusions provided by blood testing. Accurate disease diagnosis exemplifies the crucial importance of proper separation of the blood plasma, which contains antibodies and proteins, from the platelets and red and white blood cells before testing. The most common method of clinical blood separation is via centrifugation, based on sedimentation theory. Inaccuracy of blood-plasma separation occurs not only because cells vary from one person to another in their size and density but also due to variations in the human age, cellular environment and measurement technique. In addition, the sedimentation rate is affected by changes in the viscosity and density of the sample, which can lead to incomplete separation. The separation efficiency of a laboratory centrifuge device is enhanced by combining acoustic theory with sedimentation theory. The behaviour of waves propagating through a liquid during centrifugation is studied, and the acoustic transfer function model is derived. The derived acoustic transfer function facilitates the process of system performance assessment based on an off-line test of how changes in acoustic impedance affect a solution. This assessment will help to avoid costly experimental validation studies. Low concentrations of blood cells suspended in plasma samples were detected and measured via a new ultrasound pulse technique called Power-Pulser Decay (PPD). The PPD generates multi-decay pulses that are injected into the blood sample for a discrete centrifugation process to yield the detection ability for low concentrations of particles in a liquid. As a result, a new mathematical model for the separation efficiency is derived. This model is based on experimental work and defines the separation time of a constant working spinning velocity, which results in an optimised separation time for a predefined input of the separation efficiency. Based on these results, a new centrifugation controller is designed, and its performance is simulated. The results of the centrifugation time model demonstrate that centrifugation for 3 minutes at 3000 rpm for a 0.35-ml volume is sufficient to produce plasma with separation efficiency range of (95-100)%. The volume of 0.35 ml of 1ml blood sample was selected because this volume is sufficient for multiple types of disease tests. New centrifuge controller is designed based on a Fuzzy Logic Controller. The optimisation time model reveals that this controller saves approximately 2 minutes with 95% separation efficiency compared with the PID centrifuge controller. The new centrifuge controller allows for adjustable separation accuracy, a shorter separation time and low power consumption in comparison with the commercial centrifuge device. The controller successfully saves 18kWh monthly for assuming that the centrifuge is operated 100 times per day. The improved separation efficiency will lead to broad improvements in the centrifugation process, including the ability to define the percentage of separation and the separation accuracy for the contents of a solution. In medical applications, this technique will result in more accurate test results that can be obtained more quickly, which will improve the ability of physicians and patients to make important clinical decisions.
format	Thesis
author	Muhammed Sabri, Salim
author_facet	Muhammed Sabri, Salim
author_sort	Muhammed Sabri, Salim
title	A novel human blood-plasma separation efficiency measurement method based on ultrasonic technique
title_short	A novel human blood-plasma separation efficiency measurement method based on ultrasonic technique
title_full	A novel human blood-plasma separation efficiency measurement method based on ultrasonic technique
title_fullStr	A novel human blood-plasma separation efficiency measurement method based on ultrasonic technique
title_full_unstemmed	A novel human blood-plasma separation efficiency measurement method based on ultrasonic technique
title_sort	novel human blood-plasma separation efficiency measurement method based on ultrasonic technique
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)
granting_department	School of Mechatronics Engineering
url	http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/31907/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/31907/2/Full%20text.pdf
_version_	1747836792670781440

A novel human blood-plasma separation efficiency measurement method based on ultrasonic technique

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