The effect combination of acid treatments for silicon carbide (SiC) production from rice straw

Rice straw is an abundant and low cost agricultural waste with is locally available. On the basis of this study, it is concluded that 96.45 % silicon carbide pre-cursor can be produced by the process of pyrolysis of rice straw at 1100 ºC with a holding time of 82.65 minutes and a flow rate of 2.0...

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Main Author:	Noridayu, Ismail
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Subjects:	Rice straw Agricultural waste Silicon carbide (SiC) Acid treatment
Online Access:	http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/32421/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/32421/2/Full%20text.pdf
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spelling	my-unimap-324212014-03-07T08:49:09Z The effect combination of acid treatments for silicon carbide (SiC) production from rice straw Noridayu, Ismail Rice straw is an abundant and low cost agricultural waste with is locally available. On the basis of this study, it is concluded that 96.45 % silicon carbide pre-cursor can be produced by the process of pyrolysis of rice straw at 1100 ºC with a holding time of 82.65 minutes and a flow rate of 2.00 L/min nitrogen. The SiC pre-cursor was produced without additional catalyst process, thus which can reduce the cost of the product. The most significant parameter that contributes to the highest yield of SiC pre-cursor is the holding time and the nitrogen flowrate. This outcome is important because of the short pyrolysis time and at low temperature will result in reduced manufacturing costs. The rice straw itself have a high percentage of inorganic compound material; which is SiO2, SO3, K2O, CaO, TiO2, MnO, Fe2O3, CuO, ZnO, Cl compared to the other acid treated samples and consecutive acid treated (CATS) samples. With the removal some of the inorganic compound such as ZnO and CuO will increase the percentage of the SiO2 produced. In the HCl acid treated samples which are a commonly used acid for the SiC production produce only SiO2 at 54.3 % compared to other treatments. In the H2SO4 acid treated samples, the SiO2 yield is at 65.8 % which is higher than HCl sample which can be believed it can be the choice of impurities removal but when compared to the citric acid (C6H8O7) the efficiency of sulphuric acid (H2SO4) are low because in the C6H8O7 the SiO2 percentage is the highest which is at 81 % but have the highest percentage of 2.98% Fe2O3. The Fe2O3 is an unwanted inorganic compound because the Fe2O3 can inhibit the process of SiC production thus, resulting the lower production value and SiO2. The consecutive acid treatment giving the essential result to produce SiC which is having the lowest value of Fe2O3 and also eliminate the ZnO and CuO and the C6H8O7 acid treated sample can be the second option to produce the SiC respectively. Regarding to leaching process it was found that acid treatment helped to reduce the level of inorganic compound, leading to higher purity of raw material with porous structure as confirm in FTIR analysis. The characterization results showed the possibility for production of silicon carbide with well-developed whiskers and crystal structure from rice straw by pyrolysis process in this experiment. With these it confirms that the CATS have a higher potential in SiC production with purity were found to be comparable to a moissanite -3C and acceptable in the market. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) 2011 Thesis en http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/dspace/handle/123456789/32421 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/32421/1/Page%201-24.pdf c96a6aff1d61e6804bea154ab4f4ad43 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/32421/2/Full%20text.pdf 85e84854bfc7095b16de60c66c4bca7b http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/32421/3/license.txt 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 Rice straw Agricultural waste Silicon carbide (SiC) Acid treatment School of Environmental Engineering
institution	Universiti Malaysia Perlis
collection	UniMAP Institutional Repository
language	English
topic	Rice straw Agricultural waste Silicon carbide (SiC) Acid treatment
spellingShingle	Rice straw Agricultural waste Silicon carbide (SiC) Acid treatment Noridayu, Ismail The effect combination of acid treatments for silicon carbide (SiC) production from rice straw
description	Rice straw is an abundant and low cost agricultural waste with is locally available. On the basis of this study, it is concluded that 96.45 % silicon carbide pre-cursor can be produced by the process of pyrolysis of rice straw at 1100 ºC with a holding time of 82.65 minutes and a flow rate of 2.00 L/min nitrogen. The SiC pre-cursor was produced without additional catalyst process, thus which can reduce the cost of the product. The most significant parameter that contributes to the highest yield of SiC pre-cursor is the holding time and the nitrogen flowrate. This outcome is important because of the short pyrolysis time and at low temperature will result in reduced manufacturing costs. The rice straw itself have a high percentage of inorganic compound material; which is SiO2, SO3, K2O, CaO, TiO2, MnO, Fe2O3, CuO, ZnO, Cl compared to the other acid treated samples and consecutive acid treated (CATS) samples. With the removal some of the inorganic compound such as ZnO and CuO will increase the percentage of the SiO2 produced. In the HCl acid treated samples which are a commonly used acid for the SiC production produce only SiO2 at 54.3 % compared to other treatments. In the H2SO4 acid treated samples, the SiO2 yield is at 65.8 % which is higher than HCl sample which can be believed it can be the choice of impurities removal but when compared to the citric acid (C6H8O7) the efficiency of sulphuric acid (H2SO4) are low because in the C6H8O7 the SiO2 percentage is the highest which is at 81 % but have the highest percentage of 2.98% Fe2O3. The Fe2O3 is an unwanted inorganic compound because the Fe2O3 can inhibit the process of SiC production thus, resulting the lower production value and SiO2. The consecutive acid treatment giving the essential result to produce SiC which is having the lowest value of Fe2O3 and also eliminate the ZnO and CuO and the C6H8O7 acid treated sample can be the second option to produce the SiC respectively. Regarding to leaching process it was found that acid treatment helped to reduce the level of inorganic compound, leading to higher purity of raw material with porous structure as confirm in FTIR analysis. The characterization results showed the possibility for production of silicon carbide with well-developed whiskers and crystal structure from rice straw by pyrolysis process in this experiment. With these it confirms that the CATS have a higher potential in SiC production with purity were found to be comparable to a moissanite -3C and acceptable in the market.
format	Thesis
author	Noridayu, Ismail
author_facet	Noridayu, Ismail
author_sort	Noridayu, Ismail
title	The effect combination of acid treatments for silicon carbide (SiC) production from rice straw
title_short	The effect combination of acid treatments for silicon carbide (SiC) production from rice straw
title_full	The effect combination of acid treatments for silicon carbide (SiC) production from rice straw
title_fullStr	The effect combination of acid treatments for silicon carbide (SiC) production from rice straw
title_full_unstemmed	The effect combination of acid treatments for silicon carbide (SiC) production from rice straw
title_sort	effect combination of acid treatments for silicon carbide (sic) production from rice straw
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)
granting_department	School of Environmental Engineering
url	http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/32421/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/32421/2/Full%20text.pdf
_version_	1747836799868207104

The effect combination of acid treatments for silicon carbide (SiC) production from rice straw

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