Study on mechanical and thermal behavior of the lightweight aggregate geopolymer concrete (LWAGC) using fly ash
Geopolymers are part of polymer science, chemistry and technology that forms one of the major areas of materials science as well as in producing of new green materials that can alternative cementitious material to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) due to their brilliant environmentally-friendly bene...
Saved in:
| id |
my-unimap-44301 |
|---|---|
| record_format |
uketd_dc |
| spelling |
my-unimap-443012016-12-02T07:12:00Z Study on mechanical and thermal behavior of the lightweight aggregate geopolymer concrete (LWAGC) using fly ash Omar A.K.A., Abdulkareem Datuk. Prof. Dr. Kamarudin Hussin Geopolymers are part of polymer science, chemistry and technology that forms one of the major areas of materials science as well as in producing of new green materials that can alternative cementitious material to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) due to their brilliant environmentally-friendly benefits. Structural lightweight aggregate concrete LWAC has been found in the available literature. This thesis presents the synthesis process procedures of a structural lightweight aggregate geopolymer concrete (LWAGC) system based on the American Concrete Institute (ACI) committee 211- standard (ACI 211.2). The LWAGC was prepared by alkali activation of a Fly Ash (FA) consist of sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH). The geopolymer paste binder was used to bind a mixture of natural aggregates and lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA). The physical, mechanical, microstructural and thermal properties of the prepared LWAGC before and after being exposed to elevated temperatures ranged of 100-800 °C were extensively investigated through this work. The physical and mechanical results of the unexposed LWAGC to heating temperatures of 100 °C to 800 °C showed that it comply the ACI 211.2 standard for designing a structural LWAGC based on the geopolymerization technology. The fresh LWAGC mixture was recorded a slump value of 95 mm, while the hardened LWAGC possessed a compressive strength and volume of 18.86 MPa and 1438.70 kg/m3, respectively at 28 days. These classify it as a structural LWAGC which can be used as a construction material. The unexposed LWAGCs were also showed a continuous strength gaining versus aging times up to 1 year. The optimizing of Activator/FA mass ratio used in the LWAGC preparation has been also investigated at a range of 0.3-0.7, which revealed that the Activator/FA mass ratio proposed by the ACI 211.2 standard of 0. 59 was the optimum activator content as it provide the desired workability and the highest compressive strength than other tested ratios. The microstructural and physical analysis showed that, the thermal properties of LWAGC improved significantly after been exposed to elevated temperature of 400 °C, 600 °C and 800 °C. The mechanical, physical and microstructural results showed the aggregates (sand/sand + LWA) significantly improved the fire resistance of FA geopolymer mortar and LWAGC. The strength of the LWAGC increased after exposed to 100 °C to 300 °C. These materials are excellent for the applications up to 300 °C. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) 2014 Thesis en http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/44301 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/44301/1/P.1-24.pdf 8cf288fbd9c5deba96e45256201aa883 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/44301/2/Full%20Text.pdf b293bd5ef61f9a789c77851125f5a304 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/44301/3/license.txt 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 Lightweight aggregate geopolymer concrete (LWAGC) Geopolymers Aggregates Fly ash Lightweight aggregate School of Materials Engineering |
| institution |
Universiti Malaysia Perlis |
| collection |
UniMAP Institutional Repository |
| language |
English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English English |
| advisor |
Datuk. Prof. Dr. Kamarudin Hussin Prof. Dr. Uda Hashim Prof. Dr. Uda Hashim Mohamad Halim Abd Wahid Assoc Prof. Dr Zaliman Sauli Dr. Abadal-Salam Taha Hussain Dr. Muzamir Isa Prof. Dr. Syed Idris Syed Hassan Dr. Abdullah Osman Prof. Madya Euring. Ir. Dr Kenneth Sundaraj Dr. Muhammad Imran Ahmad Dr. Muhammad Imran Ahmad Prof. Dr. Syed Idris Syed Hassan Dr. Phaklen Ehkan Prof Dr. Syed Alwee Aljunid Syed Junid Dr. Shahrul Nizam Yaakob Dr. Tengku Nuraiti Tengku Izhar Prof. Dr. Uda Hashim Prof. Dr. Syed Idris Syed Hassan Dr. Muhammad Irwanto Misrun Dr. Ong Soon An Dr. Du Ngoc Uy Lan Prof. Dr. Syed Idris Syed Hassan Assoc. Prof. Dr. Dachyar Arbain Dr. Khairul Farihan Kasim Dr. Ong Hui Lin Prof. Dr. R. Badlishah Ahmad Dr. Muhammad Irwanto Dr. Muhammad Imran Ahmad Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd Malek Abd Malek Assoc. Prof. Shamshul Bahar Yaakob Dr. Asral Bahari Jambek Dr. Ruzelita Ngadiran Prof. Bhuvenesh Rajamony Dr. Muhamad Saifuldin Abdul Manan Dr. Rosmaini Ahmad Professor Ir. Dr. Ibni Hajar Bin Hj. Rukunudin Prof. Dr. Mohd Yusoff Mashor Dr. Rosnazri Ali Prof. Dr. Amran Ahmed Dr. Muhammad Mokhzaini Azizan Associate Prof. Dr. Faizal Jamlos Prof. Madya Dr. Hazry Desa Assoc. Prof. Dr. Khairul Azwan Ismail Dr. Abadal - Salam Taha Hussain Dr. M. Murugappan Prof. Dr. Bhuvanesh Rajamony Dr. Muzamir Isa Professor Dr. Uda Hashim Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd Fareq Abd Malek Associates Professor Dr. Hazry Desa Dr. Muhamad Mokhzaini Azizan Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd Fareq Abd. Malek Assoc. Prof Dr Dachyar Arbain Assoc. Prof. Dr Zainab Hamzah Assoc. Prof. Dr. Dachyar Arbain Dr. Shahrul Nizam Yaakob Professor Dr. R. Badlishah Ahmad Dr. Muataz Hameed Salih Al Doori Dr. Abadal-Salam T. Hussain Dr. Muhammad Imran Ahmad Dr. Muataz S. Hameed Prof. Dr. Syed Alwee Aljunid Syed Junid Dr. Irnis Azura Zakarya Dr. Hilal Adnan Fadhil Mohd Zulham Affandi Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd. Fareq Abd. Malek Dr. Azwan Iskandar Azmi Dr. Muhammad Mokhzaini Azizan Dr. Du Ngoc Uy Lan Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh Associate Professor Dr. Md Aminul Islam Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd Fareq Abd Malek Professor Dr. Ismail Daut Prof. Dr. Ali Yeon Md. Shakaff Assoc. Prof. Dr. Supri A. Ghani Dr. Shahrul Nizam Yaakob Dr. Wan Khairunizam Wan Ahmad Assoc Prof Ir Dr Salmah Husseinsyah Assc. Prof. Dr.Ong Soon An Dr. Mohammad Shahrazel Razalli Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr. Salmah Husseinsyah Siti Norbahiyah Mohamad Badari Assoc. Prof. Dr. Supri A. Ghani Dr. Muhammad Imran Ahmad Dr. Leong Jenn Hwai Professor Dr. Uda Hashim Dr. Abdal-Salam Taha Hussain Associate Professor Dr. Ong Soon An Associate Professor Ir. Dr. Kenneth Sundaraj Dr. M. Murugappan Wan Mohd Khairy Adly Wan Zaimi Dr. Du Ngoc Uy Lan Kenneth Sundaraj, Assoc. Prof. Dr. |
| topic |
Lightweight aggregate geopolymer concrete (LWAGC) Geopolymers Aggregates Fly ash Lightweight aggregate Ultraviolet (UV) Nanotechnology ZnO nanostructures Light applications Nanomaterials Floating gate device Tunnel dielectrics Flash memory Tunnel oxide Fiber optic Semiconductor optical amplifier nonlinear optical loop mirror (SOA-NOLM) Wavelength conversion Self phase modulation (SPM) Cross phase modulation (XPM) Fibre compactness Microcontroller Fibre Reflectance intensity Quality Anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) Aluminum Aluminum -- Anodic oxidation Aluminium-Manganese (Al-Mn) Alloys DC-DC converters Converters Boost-buck non-inverting converter Switching MOSFET Converters -- Design and construction Power system Harmonics Harmonics (Electric waves) Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) Low voltage network Rectenna RF signal Harvesting Radio Frequency (RF) Power supply Antenna Consumer behavior Online shopping Purchase intention -- Analysis Attitude Subjective norm Trust Perceived usefulness Mechanomyographic (MMG) Cross-talk MMG signals Human muscle Multimodal biometric systems Biometric Fusion Palm-print Automatic human identification system Gait sequence Gait recognition Human identification Millimeter-wave (MMW) Wireless networks Radio-over-fiber technology 60 GHz wireless systems Frequency Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) Character recognition Back Propagation (BP) Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) Optical character recognition (OCR) Electrocardiogram (ECG) ECG signal Human heart 12 lead ECG ECG signal -- Analysis Wireless network Chaotic Neural Network (CNN) High quality Multimedia service Cipher cryptography algorithm Video encryption Video compression Chaos Waste treatment Incinerated wastes Air pollution control (APC) Calcium aluminate cements (CAC) Incinerated rubber sludge (IRS) Bonding wires Wirebonding Copper wirebonding Cu Wires Bonding process Chebyshev Butterworth Microstrip Harmonic filter Microstrip line Filter Photovoltaic Air conditioner system DC air conditioner system Solar radiation Photovoltaic system Dyes wastewater treatment Bioreactors Anaerobic-aerobic biorectors Azo dye Water pollution Dye wastewater Epoxy Epoxy spherical membrane (ESM) Wastewater treatment Emulsions Wireless power transfer (WPT) Power supply Magnetic resonance Wireless power transfer -- Design and construction Wireless Lignocelluloses Lignocellulosic biomass Biomass Ionic Liquids (ILs) Lignocellulosic biomass -- Product Silver nanoparticles Piper betle Antimicrobial Antimicrobial properties Phyto-pathogen model Silica (SiO2)/Polypropylene (PP) Silica (SiO2) Nanocomposites Weather and creep behavior -- Analysis Polypropylene (PP) Polymer nanocomposite Broadband Wireless broadband internet Cellular network systems WiMAX Internet connection OFDMA-based Cellular Network Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) Gratzel cell Solar cell Titanium Dioxide Eigen-Face Face recognition Face recognition system Automatic face recognition Holistic features extracted Ultra wideband (UWB) Wireless technologies Antennas Antennas -- Design and construction Rake receivers Ultra wideband antenna Wind power Wind turbine Renewable energy Wind energy conversion system Feature Selection (FS) Genetic Algorithm (GA) Biomedical applications Medical datasets Improvement Diagnostic imaging Medical image denoised Wavelet transform Diffusion filter Spectral amplitude coding optical code division multiple access (SAC-OCDMA) Network Optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) Coding techniques Optical data processing Aluminum alloys Taguchi methods Plasma arc cutting Cutting process Plasma cutting Cracks Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) Fracture mechanic analysis Fracture -- Analysis Kerf Lathes Lathes -- Numerical control Deterioration Autonomous Maintenance (AM) Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) Rice seed Rice seed industry -- Malaysia MR 263 -- Rice variety Paddy production industry -- Malaysia Malaria Malaria diagnosis Malarsia parasite Intelligent diagnostic system Capacitor Electric current converters Boost converter Capacitor as energy storage Air -- Pollution Statistics Air pollution -- Analysis Distribution Static Compensator (D-STATCOM) Induction motor Lightweight aggregate geopolymer concrete (LWAGC) High current Induction motor -- Analysis Ultra-wideband microwave imaging Lung cancer Microwave imaging Cancer -- Detection apparatus Lung diseases diagnosis Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Drone aircraft Small Fixed-wing Fixed-wing -- Design UAV stability Human face recognition Raspberry Pi (Computer) Embedded system Face recognition system Face recognition system -- Design and construction Conical aluminium Foam-filled aluminium Conical aluminium tubes Foam-filled tubes Microcontrollers Fluctuations Warning system -- Electricity Power supply Electrocardiogram Cardiac Electrocardiography Heart Cardiovascular disease Inert tungsten inert gas welding (TIG) Weldings TIG welding Micro-transformer Simulation methods COMSOL Multiphysics Finite element method -- Data processing Transformers Semiconductors Semiconductors industry Capacity increment Semiconductor fabrication Lightweight aggregate geopolymer concrete (LWAGC) Specific absorption rate (SAR) Prosthetic ear Napier Napier industry Harvesting works Napier -- Perlis Napier harvesting machine Lightweight aggregate geopolymer concrete (LWAGC) Induction motor Fuzzy logic controller Speed control -- Induction motor Speed control Biotelemetry Antennas (Electronics) Planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) Biomedical devices Pomacea canaliculata Molluscicide Paddy fields Environmental-friendly Pomacea Edible birds' nests -- Malaysia Edible birds' nests -- Indonesia Edible bird nests (EBN) Chemical composition Gracilaria Bioethanol production Marine algae Seaweed Image analysis Blood spatter Evidence Forensic Crime scene evidence Home Expenditure Management System (EMS) Computer software -- Development Application software -- Development Home expenditure System design Parallelism mechanism Laser missile frequency jamming system Parallelism computing Parallelism Electric inverters DC-AC power inverter Microcontroller Electric inverters -- Design and construction DC-AC inverter -- Design Face recognition Human Face recognition (Computer science) Discrete cosine transform (DCT) Face recognition system Parallel computing Spatial parallelism Data security Crytography Data Encryption Standard (DES) Field programmable gate arrays Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) Photodiodes OCDMA networks Detection Indigenous microorganisms (IMO) Solid waste Microorganisms Composting Organic solid waste Cryptography Hybrid system Steganography Digital data Security of data Trusses Trusses -- Design and construction Plane trusses Structural design Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Lightweight aggregate geopolymer concrete (LWAGC) Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) -- Analysis Asian head and hand model Taguchi methods (Quality control) Machining processes Turning process CNC turning Grey Relational Analysis Carbon steel Machining process Aluminum alloys Cutting parameters Aluminum machining material Alloys Surface -- Quality Automatic power factor correction system Power factor Power factor correction Power supply Automatic power factor correction system -- Design and construction Aqueous epoxy Epoxy foam Epoxy resins Epoxy resin Sintering Solders Hybrid microwave Soldering Solder alloy Composite technology LED lamps LED lightning Clinching process LED lamps -- Assembly Clinching corporate social responsibility (CSR) Social responsibility of business Consumers Brand equity Antenna arrays Antenna arrays synthesis Antennas Geometry synthesis Electric power factor Inverter Power factor correction technique Energy conservation system Power factor Wireless sensor networks Wireless sensor networks -- Analysis Wireless Signal propagation Wireless sensor networks-- Aquaculture Polyethylene Wood fiber (WF) Composites Wood plastic composite Recycled high density polyethylene (rHDPE) Image analysis Moment Invariants (MI) Fourier descriptors (FD) Extraction Fish image classification Lip movement Lip movement -- Analysis Hearing-impared person Vision based lip movement Lip reading Polypropylene Elateriospermum tapos seed shell (ETSS) Eco-composites Composites Elateriospermum Tapos Phenols Photocatalytic Phenols -- Treatment Wastewater treatment Zinc oxide (ZnO) Scheduling algorithms Computer algorithms Long Term Evolution (LTE) Long-Term Evolution (Telecommunication) Network Regenerated cellulose (RC) Cellulose Biocomposite Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) Biocomposite films Magnesium alloys Biomedical application Porous biomaterials Biomaterials Films Polyanilines Conductive films Vinyl chloride Ethylene oxide Polymers Palmprints DSP processor Human identification system Biometric technology Human identification Multilevel inverters Inverters Cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter Multilevel inverters -- Design and construction Nanostructures Nanoparticles Nanoscale structure Nanostructured Zinc oxide (ZnO) Battery chargers Electronic control Microcontrollers Smart battery chargers Battery chargers -- Design and constructions Azo dyes Photocatalytic mineralization Solar light Irradiation Azo dyes -- Treatment Waste water treatment Facial nerve paralysis Facial paralysis Motion analysis Rehabilitation Facial nerve Electroencephalogram Emotion recognition Electroencephalography Parkinson's disease Emotion Divorce Divorce people -- Family relationships Impact of divorce Children feeling Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Stagnation point Heat transfer Suction Magnetohydrodynamics Polystyrene Injection molding of plastics Injection molding Unsymmetrical cavity Biometric identification Background Modeling Techniques Automatic face detection system Detection system |
| spellingShingle |
Lightweight aggregate geopolymer concrete (LWAGC) Geopolymers Aggregates Fly ash Lightweight aggregate Ultraviolet (UV) Nanotechnology ZnO nanostructures Light applications Nanomaterials Floating gate device Tunnel dielectrics Flash memory Tunnel oxide Fiber optic Semiconductor optical amplifier nonlinear optical loop mirror (SOA-NOLM) Wavelength conversion Self phase modulation (SPM) Cross phase modulation (XPM) Fibre compactness Microcontroller Fibre Reflectance intensity Quality Anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) Aluminum Aluminum -- Anodic oxidation Aluminium-Manganese (Al-Mn) Alloys DC-DC converters Converters Boost-buck non-inverting converter Switching MOSFET Converters -- Design and construction Power system Harmonics Harmonics (Electric waves) Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) Low voltage network Rectenna RF signal Harvesting Radio Frequency (RF) Power supply Antenna Consumer behavior Online shopping Purchase intention -- Analysis Attitude Subjective norm Trust Perceived usefulness Mechanomyographic (MMG) Cross-talk MMG signals Human muscle Multimodal biometric systems Biometric Fusion Palm-print Automatic human identification system Gait sequence Gait recognition Human identification Millimeter-wave (MMW) Wireless networks Radio-over-fiber technology 60 GHz wireless systems Frequency Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) Character recognition Back Propagation (BP) Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) Optical character recognition (OCR) Electrocardiogram (ECG) ECG signal Human heart 12 lead ECG ECG signal -- Analysis Wireless network Chaotic Neural Network (CNN) High quality Multimedia service Cipher cryptography algorithm Video encryption Video compression Chaos Waste treatment Incinerated wastes Air pollution control (APC) Calcium aluminate cements (CAC) Incinerated rubber sludge (IRS) Bonding wires Wirebonding Copper wirebonding Cu Wires Bonding process Chebyshev Butterworth Microstrip Harmonic filter Microstrip line Filter Photovoltaic Air conditioner system DC air conditioner system Solar radiation Photovoltaic system Dyes wastewater treatment Bioreactors Anaerobic-aerobic biorectors Azo dye Water pollution Dye wastewater Epoxy Epoxy spherical membrane (ESM) Wastewater treatment Emulsions Wireless power transfer (WPT) Power supply Magnetic resonance Wireless power transfer -- Design and construction Wireless Lignocelluloses Lignocellulosic biomass Biomass Ionic Liquids (ILs) Lignocellulosic biomass -- Product Silver nanoparticles Piper betle Antimicrobial Antimicrobial properties Phyto-pathogen model Silica (SiO2)/Polypropylene (PP) Silica (SiO2) Nanocomposites Weather and creep behavior -- Analysis Polypropylene (PP) Polymer nanocomposite Broadband Wireless broadband internet Cellular network systems WiMAX Internet connection OFDMA-based Cellular Network Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) Gratzel cell Solar cell Titanium Dioxide Eigen-Face Face recognition Face recognition system Automatic face recognition Holistic features extracted Ultra wideband (UWB) Wireless technologies Antennas Antennas -- Design and construction Rake receivers Ultra wideband antenna Wind power Wind turbine Renewable energy Wind energy conversion system Feature Selection (FS) Genetic Algorithm (GA) Biomedical applications Medical datasets Improvement Diagnostic imaging Medical image denoised Wavelet transform Diffusion filter Spectral amplitude coding optical code division multiple access (SAC-OCDMA) Network Optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) Coding techniques Optical data processing Aluminum alloys Taguchi methods Plasma arc cutting Cutting process Plasma cutting Cracks Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) Fracture mechanic analysis Fracture -- Analysis Kerf Lathes Lathes -- Numerical control Deterioration Autonomous Maintenance (AM) Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) Rice seed Rice seed industry -- Malaysia MR 263 -- Rice variety Paddy production industry -- Malaysia Malaria Malaria diagnosis Malarsia parasite Intelligent diagnostic system Capacitor Electric current converters Boost converter Capacitor as energy storage Air -- Pollution Statistics Air pollution -- Analysis Distribution Static Compensator (D-STATCOM) Induction motor Lightweight aggregate geopolymer concrete (LWAGC) High current Induction motor -- Analysis Ultra-wideband microwave imaging Lung cancer Microwave imaging Cancer -- Detection apparatus Lung diseases diagnosis Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Drone aircraft Small Fixed-wing Fixed-wing -- Design UAV stability Human face recognition Raspberry Pi (Computer) Embedded system Face recognition system Face recognition system -- Design and construction Conical aluminium Foam-filled aluminium Conical aluminium tubes Foam-filled tubes Microcontrollers Fluctuations Warning system -- Electricity Power supply Electrocardiogram Cardiac Electrocardiography Heart Cardiovascular disease Inert tungsten inert gas welding (TIG) Weldings TIG welding Micro-transformer Simulation methods COMSOL Multiphysics Finite element method -- Data processing Transformers Semiconductors Semiconductors industry Capacity increment Semiconductor fabrication Lightweight aggregate geopolymer concrete (LWAGC) Specific absorption rate (SAR) Prosthetic ear Napier Napier industry Harvesting works Napier -- Perlis Napier harvesting machine Lightweight aggregate geopolymer concrete (LWAGC) Induction motor Fuzzy logic controller Speed control -- Induction motor Speed control Biotelemetry Antennas (Electronics) Planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) Biomedical devices Pomacea canaliculata Molluscicide Paddy fields Environmental-friendly Pomacea Edible birds' nests -- Malaysia Edible birds' nests -- Indonesia Edible bird nests (EBN) Chemical composition Gracilaria Bioethanol production Marine algae Seaweed Image analysis Blood spatter Evidence Forensic Crime scene evidence Home Expenditure Management System (EMS) Computer software -- Development Application software -- Development Home expenditure System design Parallelism mechanism Laser missile frequency jamming system Parallelism computing Parallelism Electric inverters DC-AC power inverter Microcontroller Electric inverters -- Design and construction DC-AC inverter -- Design Face recognition Human Face recognition (Computer science) Discrete cosine transform (DCT) Face recognition system Parallel computing Spatial parallelism Data security Crytography Data Encryption Standard (DES) Field programmable gate arrays Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) Photodiodes OCDMA networks Detection Indigenous microorganisms (IMO) Solid waste Microorganisms Composting Organic solid waste Cryptography Hybrid system Steganography Digital data Security of data Trusses Trusses -- Design and construction Plane trusses Structural design Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Lightweight aggregate geopolymer concrete (LWAGC) Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) -- Analysis Asian head and hand model Taguchi methods (Quality control) Machining processes Turning process CNC turning Grey Relational Analysis Carbon steel Machining process Aluminum alloys Cutting parameters Aluminum machining material Alloys Surface -- Quality Automatic power factor correction system Power factor Power factor correction Power supply Automatic power factor correction system -- Design and construction Aqueous epoxy Epoxy foam Epoxy resins Epoxy resin Sintering Solders Hybrid microwave Soldering Solder alloy Composite technology LED lamps LED lightning Clinching process LED lamps -- Assembly Clinching corporate social responsibility (CSR) Social responsibility of business Consumers Brand equity Antenna arrays Antenna arrays synthesis Antennas Geometry synthesis Electric power factor Inverter Power factor correction technique Energy conservation system Power factor Wireless sensor networks Wireless sensor networks -- Analysis Wireless Signal propagation Wireless sensor networks-- Aquaculture Polyethylene Wood fiber (WF) Composites Wood plastic composite Recycled high density polyethylene (rHDPE) Image analysis Moment Invariants (MI) Fourier descriptors (FD) Extraction Fish image classification Lip movement Lip movement -- Analysis Hearing-impared person Vision based lip movement Lip reading Polypropylene Elateriospermum tapos seed shell (ETSS) Eco-composites Composites Elateriospermum Tapos Phenols Photocatalytic Phenols -- Treatment Wastewater treatment Zinc oxide (ZnO) Scheduling algorithms Computer algorithms Long Term Evolution (LTE) Long-Term Evolution (Telecommunication) Network Regenerated cellulose (RC) Cellulose Biocomposite Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) Biocomposite films Magnesium alloys Biomedical application Porous biomaterials Biomaterials Films Polyanilines Conductive films Vinyl chloride Ethylene oxide Polymers Palmprints DSP processor Human identification system Biometric technology Human identification Multilevel inverters Inverters Cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter Multilevel inverters -- Design and construction Nanostructures Nanoparticles Nanoscale structure Nanostructured Zinc oxide (ZnO) Battery chargers Electronic control Microcontrollers Smart battery chargers Battery chargers -- Design and constructions Azo dyes Photocatalytic mineralization Solar light Irradiation Azo dyes -- Treatment Waste water treatment Facial nerve paralysis Facial paralysis Motion analysis Rehabilitation Facial nerve Electroencephalogram Emotion recognition Electroencephalography Parkinson's disease Emotion Divorce Divorce people -- Family relationships Impact of divorce Children feeling Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Stagnation point Heat transfer Suction Magnetohydrodynamics Polystyrene Injection molding of plastics Injection molding Unsymmetrical cavity Biometric identification Background Modeling Techniques Automatic face detection system Detection system Omar A.K.A., Abdulkareem Qazi Muhammad, Humayun Ramzan, Mat Ayub Rosnahlizawati, Rostam Ong, Tee Say Voon, Chun Hong Ahmed Khudhair, Abbas Azharudin, Mukhtaruddin Ilham Shafini, Ahmad Mahyudin Lim, Yi Jin Md. Anamul Islam Mohammed Elzaroug, Alshrief Mohanad Hazim Nsaif, Al-Mayyahi Nael Ahmed, Mohammed Omar Sadeq, Salman Sameer Kleban, Salih Tariq Adnan, Fadil Abdul Latif, Abdul Rani Gan, Chong Leong Liew, Hui Fang Mohd Adzrie, Hj Radzali Murali, Viswanathan Sea, Bee Ing Syaiful Anas, Ibrahim Ahmad Anas, Nagoor Gunny Nooramalina, Azhar Anis Sofiah, Mudzafar Kamil Mohammed Khalid, Salman Fadhil Gomesh Nair, Shasidharan Nawaf Hazim, Naef Barnouti Rashid, Ali Fayyadh Shaon, Ahmed Sindhu, Ravindran Abdalrahman M. M. Albishti Abdullah Omar, Ali Aldhaibani Abdulnasser Embark, Beleed Ahmad Faizal, Annuar Ahmadi Hamdan, Musman Aimi Athirah, Aznan Aimi Salihah, Abdul Nasir Aminudin, Anuar Asmarini, Mohamed Ayob Nazmy, Nanyan Babarinde, Oluwatosin John Faizan, Ahmed Warsi Falah Hassan, Alwan Fauziah, Mat Israa Amer Dahham L Murukesan, Loganathan Liha, Lateng Mohamad Zhafran, Zakariya Mohd Azizi, Chik Mohd Hafizuddin, Mat Mohd Khairul Faizi, Abd Rahman Mohd Nazimudin, Ibrahim Muhammad Solihin, Zulkefli Noor Hasyierah, Mohd Salleh Nur Hulwani, Ibrahim Nur Zatul ‘Iffah, Zakaria Nusrat Jahan, Shoumy Ojo Rasheed Omar Faez, Yousif Qais Hamid, Jeflawi Raja Abdullah, Raja Ahmad Rana Khazaal, Khudhair Sarah Ghassan, Abdulqader Siti Noor Baya, Khalib Suhad Shakir, Jaber Sumayah, Abdulsalam Mustafa Suzanna, Harun Roland Ahmad Hisham, Ahmad Shah Ali Abdullah, Mohammed Ahmed Atifa Faaidha, Munauwer Erny Raudhoh, Mohd Shafie Flora, Somidin Ibrahim, Sulong Karpal Singh, Dara Singh Khairul Najmy, Haji Abdul Rani Mohammad Ezanni, Mat Salleh Mohd Azudin, Mohd Arif Mohd Hanif, Mohd Pisal Mohd Wafi, Nasrudin Muhamad Kamil Syahid, Talha Muhamad Nadhli Amin, Lotfi Nik Noor Athirah Binti, Nik Yusoff Normaliza, Omar Nur Liyana Izyan, Zailuddin Nurul Husna, Zakaria Siti Hajar, Mohd Din Thulfiqar Hussein, Mandeel Usman Bashir, Tayab Veeradasan, Perumal Waleed Abdulrazzaq, Oraibi Wan Fadhilah, Wan Mohd Khalik Wan Syahirah, W. Samsudin Yuvaraj, Rajamanickam Faten Mohammad, AlQahtani Nurul Najwa, Mansor Abdulla Mahmoud, Ahmed Akbah, A. Khalifa Study on mechanical and thermal behavior of the lightweight aggregate geopolymer concrete (LWAGC) using fly ash |
| description |
Geopolymers are part of polymer science, chemistry and technology that forms one of
the major areas of materials science as well as in producing of new green materials that
can alternative cementitious material to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) due to their
brilliant environmentally-friendly benefits. Structural lightweight aggregate concrete
LWAC has been found in the available literature. This thesis presents the synthesis process procedures of a structural lightweight aggregate geopolymer concrete
(LWAGC) system based on the American Concrete Institute (ACI) committee 211-
standard (ACI 211.2). The LWAGC was prepared by alkali activation of a Fly Ash
(FA) consist of sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH). The
geopolymer paste binder was used to bind a mixture of natural aggregates and
lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA). The physical, mechanical, microstructural and thermal properties of the prepared LWAGC before and after being exposed to elevated temperatures ranged of 100-800 °C were extensively investigated through this work. The physical and mechanical results of the unexposed LWAGC to heating temperatures of 100 °C to 800 °C showed that it comply the ACI 211.2 standard for designing a structural LWAGC based on the geopolymerization technology. The fresh LWAGC mixture was recorded a slump value of 95 mm, while the hardened LWAGC possessed a compressive strength and volume of 18.86 MPa and 1438.70 kg/m3, respectively at 28 days. These classify it as a structural LWAGC which can be used as a construction material. The unexposed LWAGCs were also showed a continuous strength gaining versus aging times up to 1 year. The optimizing of
Activator/FA mass ratio used in the LWAGC preparation has been also investigated at a
range of 0.3-0.7, which revealed that the Activator/FA mass ratio proposed by the ACI
211.2 standard of 0. 59 was the optimum activator content as it provide the desired
workability and the highest compressive strength than other tested ratios. The
microstructural and physical analysis showed that, the thermal properties of LWAGC
improved significantly after been exposed to elevated temperature of 400 °C, 600 °C
and 800 °C. The mechanical, physical and microstructural results showed the aggregates
(sand/sand + LWA) significantly improved the fire resistance of FA geopolymer mortar
and LWAGC. The strength of the LWAGC increased after exposed to 100 °C to 300 °C.
These materials are excellent for the applications up to 300 °C. |
| format |
Thesis |
| author |
Omar A.K.A., Abdulkareem Qazi Muhammad, Humayun Ramzan, Mat Ayub Rosnahlizawati, Rostam Ong, Tee Say Voon, Chun Hong Ahmed Khudhair, Abbas Azharudin, Mukhtaruddin Ilham Shafini, Ahmad Mahyudin Lim, Yi Jin Md. Anamul Islam Mohammed Elzaroug, Alshrief Mohanad Hazim Nsaif, Al-Mayyahi Nael Ahmed, Mohammed Omar Sadeq, Salman Sameer Kleban, Salih Tariq Adnan, Fadil Abdul Latif, Abdul Rani Gan, Chong Leong Liew, Hui Fang Mohd Adzrie, Hj Radzali Murali, Viswanathan Sea, Bee Ing Syaiful Anas, Ibrahim Ahmad Anas, Nagoor Gunny Nooramalina, Azhar Anis Sofiah, Mudzafar Kamil Mohammed Khalid, Salman Fadhil Gomesh Nair, Shasidharan Nawaf Hazim, Naef Barnouti Rashid, Ali Fayyadh Shaon, Ahmed Sindhu, Ravindran Abdalrahman M. M. Albishti Abdullah Omar, Ali Aldhaibani Abdulnasser Embark, Beleed Ahmad Faizal, Annuar Ahmadi Hamdan, Musman Aimi Athirah, Aznan Aimi Salihah, Abdul Nasir Aminudin, Anuar Asmarini, Mohamed Ayob Nazmy, Nanyan Babarinde, Oluwatosin John Faizan, Ahmed Warsi Falah Hassan, Alwan Fauziah, Mat Israa Amer Dahham L Murukesan, Loganathan Liha, Lateng Mohamad Zhafran, Zakariya Mohd Azizi, Chik Mohd Hafizuddin, Mat Mohd Khairul Faizi, Abd Rahman Mohd Nazimudin, Ibrahim Muhammad Solihin, Zulkefli Noor Hasyierah, Mohd Salleh Nur Hulwani, Ibrahim Nur Zatul ‘Iffah, Zakaria Nusrat Jahan, Shoumy Ojo Rasheed Omar Faez, Yousif Qais Hamid, Jeflawi Raja Abdullah, Raja Ahmad Rana Khazaal, Khudhair Sarah Ghassan, Abdulqader Siti Noor Baya, Khalib Suhad Shakir, Jaber Sumayah, Abdulsalam Mustafa Suzanna, Harun Roland Ahmad Hisham, Ahmad Shah Ali Abdullah, Mohammed Ahmed Atifa Faaidha, Munauwer Erny Raudhoh, Mohd Shafie Flora, Somidin Ibrahim, Sulong Karpal Singh, Dara Singh Khairul Najmy, Haji Abdul Rani Mohammad Ezanni, Mat Salleh Mohd Azudin, Mohd Arif Mohd Hanif, Mohd Pisal Mohd Wafi, Nasrudin Muhamad Kamil Syahid, Talha Muhamad Nadhli Amin, Lotfi Nik Noor Athirah Binti, Nik Yusoff Normaliza, Omar Nur Liyana Izyan, Zailuddin Nurul Husna, Zakaria Siti Hajar, Mohd Din Thulfiqar Hussein, Mandeel Usman Bashir, Tayab Veeradasan, Perumal Waleed Abdulrazzaq, Oraibi Wan Fadhilah, Wan Mohd Khalik Wan Syahirah, W. Samsudin Yuvaraj, Rajamanickam Faten Mohammad, AlQahtani Nurul Najwa, Mansor Abdulla Mahmoud, Ahmed Akbah, A. Khalifa |
| author_facet |
Omar A.K.A., Abdulkareem Qazi Muhammad, Humayun Ramzan, Mat Ayub Rosnahlizawati, Rostam Ong, Tee Say Voon, Chun Hong Ahmed Khudhair, Abbas Azharudin, Mukhtaruddin Ilham Shafini, Ahmad Mahyudin Lim, Yi Jin Md. Anamul Islam Mohammed Elzaroug, Alshrief Mohanad Hazim Nsaif, Al-Mayyahi Nael Ahmed, Mohammed Omar Sadeq, Salman Sameer Kleban, Salih Tariq Adnan, Fadil Abdul Latif, Abdul Rani Gan, Chong Leong Liew, Hui Fang Mohd Adzrie, Hj Radzali Murali, Viswanathan Sea, Bee Ing Syaiful Anas, Ibrahim Ahmad Anas, Nagoor Gunny Nooramalina, Azhar Anis Sofiah, Mudzafar Kamil Mohammed Khalid, Salman Fadhil Gomesh Nair, Shasidharan Nawaf Hazim, Naef Barnouti Rashid, Ali Fayyadh Shaon, Ahmed Sindhu, Ravindran Abdalrahman M. M. Albishti Abdullah Omar, Ali Aldhaibani Abdulnasser Embark, Beleed Ahmad Faizal, Annuar Ahmadi Hamdan, Musman Aimi Athirah, Aznan Aimi Salihah, Abdul Nasir Aminudin, Anuar Asmarini, Mohamed Ayob Nazmy, Nanyan Babarinde, Oluwatosin John Faizan, Ahmed Warsi Falah Hassan, Alwan Fauziah, Mat Israa Amer Dahham L Murukesan, Loganathan Liha, Lateng Mohamad Zhafran, Zakariya Mohd Azizi, Chik Mohd Hafizuddin, Mat Mohd Khairul Faizi, Abd Rahman Mohd Nazimudin, Ibrahim Muhammad Solihin, Zulkefli Noor Hasyierah, Mohd Salleh Nur Hulwani, Ibrahim Nur Zatul ‘Iffah, Zakaria Nusrat Jahan, Shoumy Ojo Rasheed Omar Faez, Yousif Qais Hamid, Jeflawi Raja Abdullah, Raja Ahmad Rana Khazaal, Khudhair Sarah Ghassan, Abdulqader Siti Noor Baya, Khalib Suhad Shakir, Jaber Sumayah, Abdulsalam Mustafa Suzanna, Harun Roland Ahmad Hisham, Ahmad Shah Ali Abdullah, Mohammed Ahmed Atifa Faaidha, Munauwer Erny Raudhoh, Mohd Shafie Flora, Somidin Ibrahim, Sulong Karpal Singh, Dara Singh Khairul Najmy, Haji Abdul Rani Mohammad Ezanni, Mat Salleh Mohd Azudin, Mohd Arif Mohd Hanif, Mohd Pisal Mohd Wafi, Nasrudin Muhamad Kamil Syahid, Talha Muhamad Nadhli Amin, Lotfi Nik Noor Athirah Binti, Nik Yusoff Normaliza, Omar Nur Liyana Izyan, Zailuddin Nurul Husna, Zakaria Siti Hajar, Mohd Din Thulfiqar Hussein, Mandeel Usman Bashir, Tayab Veeradasan, Perumal Waleed Abdulrazzaq, Oraibi Wan Fadhilah, Wan Mohd Khalik Wan Syahirah, W. Samsudin Yuvaraj, Rajamanickam Faten Mohammad, AlQahtani Nurul Najwa, Mansor Abdulla Mahmoud, Ahmed Akbah, A. Khalifa |
| author_sort |
Omar A.K.A., Abdulkareem |
| title |
Study on mechanical and thermal behavior of the lightweight aggregate geopolymer concrete (LWAGC) using fly ash |
| title_short |
Study on mechanical and thermal behavior of the lightweight aggregate geopolymer concrete (LWAGC) using fly ash |
| title_full |
Study on mechanical and thermal behavior of the lightweight aggregate geopolymer concrete (LWAGC) using fly ash |
| title_fullStr |
Study on mechanical and thermal behavior of the lightweight aggregate geopolymer concrete (LWAGC) using fly ash |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Study on mechanical and thermal behavior of the lightweight aggregate geopolymer concrete (LWAGC) using fly ash |
| title_sort |
study on mechanical and thermal behavior of the lightweight aggregate geopolymer concrete (lwagc) using fly ash |
| granting_institution |
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) |
| granting_department |
School of Materials Engineering |
| url |
http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/44301/1/P.1-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/44301/2/Full%20Text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/44367/1/P.1-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/44367/2/Full%20Text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/44368/1/P.1-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/44368/2/Full%20Text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/44369/1/p.1-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/44369/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/44370/1/p.1-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/44370/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59424/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59424/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59419/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59419/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59417/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59417/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59421/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59421/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59427/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59427/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59415/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59415/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59422/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59422/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59418/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59418/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59414/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59414/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59425/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59425/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59423/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59423/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59420/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59420/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59930/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59930/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59428/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59428/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59429/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59429/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59430/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59430/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59432/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59432/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59431/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59431/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59437/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59437/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59825/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59825/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59928/1/p.1-24..pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59928/2/Full%20Text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59814/1/p.1-24..pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59814/2/Full%20Text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59820/1/p.1-24..pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59820/2/Full%20Text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59826/1/p.1-24..pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59826/2/Full%20Text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59817/1/p.1-24..pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59817/2/Full%20Text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59812/1/p.1-24..pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59812/2/Full%20Text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59929/1/p.1-24..pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/59929/2/Full%20Text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/60844/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/60844/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61520/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61520/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61871/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61871/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61541/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61541/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61536/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61536/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61537/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61537/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61514/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61514/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61534/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61534/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61519/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61519/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61521/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61521/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61545/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61545/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61517/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61517/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61538/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61538/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61835/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61835/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61516/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61516/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61625/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61625/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61540/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61540/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61518/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61518/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61622/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61622/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61624/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61624/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61515/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61515/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61542/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61542/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61531/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61531/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61543/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61543/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61513/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61513/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61533/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61533/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61544/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61544/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61530/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61530/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61532/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61532/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/62128/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/62128/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61535/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61535/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61574/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61574/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61623/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61623/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61539/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61539/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61571/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61571/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61573/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61573/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61572/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61572/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61621/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61621/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61880/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61880/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/62018/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/62018/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61877/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61877/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61876/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61876/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61873/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61873/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/62025/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/62025/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/62023/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/62023/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61875/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61875/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61874/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61874/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61872/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61872/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61992/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61992/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61988/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61988/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61991/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61991/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/62019/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/62019/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/62020/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/62020/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/62021/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/62021/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/62022/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/62022/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61986/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61986/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61981/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61981/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61982/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61982/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61983/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61983/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61985/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61985/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61987/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61987/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61989/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61989/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61990/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61990/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61984/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61984/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/62024/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/62024/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/62991/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/62991/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/63411/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/63411/2/Full%20text.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/63458/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/63458/2/Full%20text.pdf |
| _version_ |
1812445593931350016 |