Feasibility study on detecting lung tumour in multilayer thorax model using ultra-wideband microwave imaging

The constant exposure to pathogens and carcinogenic substances through inhaled gases makes the lungs very vulnerable to diseases such as asthma, tuberculosis and cancer. Available statistics revealed there were 14.1 million cases of cancer reported worldwide in the year 2012 and out of this figure,...

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Main Author:	Babarinde, Oluwatosin John
Format:	Thesis
Language:	English
Subjects:	Ultra-wideband microwave imaging Lung cancer Microwave imaging Cancer > Detection apparatus Lung diseases diagnosis
Online Access:	http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61517/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61517/2/Full%20text.pdf
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spelling	my-unimap-615172019-08-21T06:51:15Z Feasibility study on detecting lung tumour in multilayer thorax model using ultra-wideband microwave imaging Babarinde, Oluwatosin John Associate Prof. Dr. Faizal Jamlos The constant exposure to pathogens and carcinogenic substances through inhaled gases makes the lungs very vulnerable to diseases such as asthma, tuberculosis and cancer. Available statistics revealed there were 14.1 million cases of cancer reported worldwide in the year 2012 and out of this figure, 13% were attributed to new cases of lung cancer. Despite the high figures of the new cases of detected lung cancer, many other cases would have passed undetected as symptoms of early stages of lung cancer are common with other diseases of the lungs such as tuberculosis. Lung cancer is the leading cause of death related cancers worldwide as the cancer of the lung is very difficult to cure. Screening for lung cancer is not routinely done and although X-ray and computer tomography scan can detect small sized cancers in the lungs, they are not required until symptoms have advanced in patients. Other methods for lung cancer screening like biopsies and bronchoscopies are only required when suspicious irregularities are observed in images generated from X-ray. In recent times however, microwave imaging techniques are being proposed for detection of various forms of cancer. The detection of cancer using microwaves in the frequency range of 300 MHz to 30 GHz is possible iin the premise that the dielectric properties of tumour tissues are different from the normal host tissues. These contrasts in dielectric properties are being explored in microwave tomography, ultra-wideband (UWB) microwave imaging radar, radiometry, and thermoacoustic tomography. This thesis presents a study in using confocal microwave imaging technique which itself is a form of the UWB microwave imaging radar to detect millimetre sized tumour in the human lungs. The detection system comprises of a human thorax modelled as multilayer tissues of lung, bone, muscle, fat and skin; a 10 mm tumour; a UWB antenna connected to a vector network analyser; and a proposed modified delay and sum (mDAS) imaging algorithm for signal processing and image reconstruction purposes. Reconstructed microwave images show the possibility of detecting tumours in lung in both simulation and experimental procedures. Using a proposed location error approximation, errors of tumour location in the microwave images was less than 3 cm. The proposed mDAS was compared to the standard delay and sum (DAS) imaging algorithm using signal to clutter ratio, and it was found that the mDAS has a 2-3 dB better resolution in the microwave images. Microwave imaging techniques may not necessarily replace other known gold standards for cancer detection, but will definitely be a first step in diagnosis and will be complementary to other detection systems. The imaging technique presented in this report can be adjudged to be fast as the image reconstruction was about 120 seconds on a standard computer; it was safe from non-ionizing radiations and also, it was easy to perform. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) 2015 Thesis en http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/61517 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61517/1/Page%201-24.pdf 0151bed041c691963e9a49435a46d18a http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61517/2/Full%20text.pdf 0d8559aef46780b8c9e27c1b58b467d1 http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61517/3/license.txt 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 Ultra-wideband microwave imaging Lung cancer Microwave imaging Cancer -- Detection apparatus Lung diseases diagnosis School of Computer and Communication Engineering
institution	Universiti Malaysia Perlis
collection	UniMAP Institutional Repository
language	English
advisor	Associate Prof. Dr. Faizal Jamlos
topic	Ultra-wideband microwave imaging Lung cancer Microwave imaging Cancer -- Detection apparatus Lung diseases diagnosis
spellingShingle	Ultra-wideband microwave imaging Lung cancer Microwave imaging Cancer -- Detection apparatus Lung diseases diagnosis Babarinde, Oluwatosin John Feasibility study on detecting lung tumour in multilayer thorax model using ultra-wideband microwave imaging
description	The constant exposure to pathogens and carcinogenic substances through inhaled gases makes the lungs very vulnerable to diseases such as asthma, tuberculosis and cancer. Available statistics revealed there were 14.1 million cases of cancer reported worldwide in the year 2012 and out of this figure, 13% were attributed to new cases of lung cancer. Despite the high figures of the new cases of detected lung cancer, many other cases would have passed undetected as symptoms of early stages of lung cancer are common with other diseases of the lungs such as tuberculosis. Lung cancer is the leading cause of death related cancers worldwide as the cancer of the lung is very difficult to cure. Screening for lung cancer is not routinely done and although X-ray and computer tomography scan can detect small sized cancers in the lungs, they are not required until symptoms have advanced in patients. Other methods for lung cancer screening like biopsies and bronchoscopies are only required when suspicious irregularities are observed in images generated from X-ray. In recent times however, microwave imaging techniques are being proposed for detection of various forms of cancer. The detection of cancer using microwaves in the frequency range of 300 MHz to 30 GHz is possible iin the premise that the dielectric properties of tumour tissues are different from the normal host tissues. These contrasts in dielectric properties are being explored in microwave tomography, ultra-wideband (UWB) microwave imaging radar, radiometry, and thermoacoustic tomography. This thesis presents a study in using confocal microwave imaging technique which itself is a form of the UWB microwave imaging radar to detect millimetre sized tumour in the human lungs. The detection system comprises of a human thorax modelled as multilayer tissues of lung, bone, muscle, fat and skin; a 10 mm tumour; a UWB antenna connected to a vector network analyser; and a proposed modified delay and sum (mDAS) imaging algorithm for signal processing and image reconstruction purposes. Reconstructed microwave images show the possibility of detecting tumours in lung in both simulation and experimental procedures. Using a proposed location error approximation, errors of tumour location in the microwave images was less than 3 cm. The proposed mDAS was compared to the standard delay and sum (DAS) imaging algorithm using signal to clutter ratio, and it was found that the mDAS has a 2-3 dB better resolution in the microwave images. Microwave imaging techniques may not necessarily replace other known gold standards for cancer detection, but will definitely be a first step in diagnosis and will be complementary to other detection systems. The imaging technique presented in this report can be adjudged to be fast as the image reconstruction was about 120 seconds on a standard computer; it was safe from non-ionizing radiations and also, it was easy to perform.
format	Thesis
author	Babarinde, Oluwatosin John
author_facet	Babarinde, Oluwatosin John
author_sort	Babarinde, Oluwatosin John
title	Feasibility study on detecting lung tumour in multilayer thorax model using ultra-wideband microwave imaging
title_short	Feasibility study on detecting lung tumour in multilayer thorax model using ultra-wideband microwave imaging
title_full	Feasibility study on detecting lung tumour in multilayer thorax model using ultra-wideband microwave imaging
title_fullStr	Feasibility study on detecting lung tumour in multilayer thorax model using ultra-wideband microwave imaging
title_full_unstemmed	Feasibility study on detecting lung tumour in multilayer thorax model using ultra-wideband microwave imaging
title_sort	feasibility study on detecting lung tumour in multilayer thorax model using ultra-wideband microwave imaging
granting_institution	Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)
granting_department	School of Computer and Communication Engineering
url	http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61517/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61517/2/Full%20text.pdf
_version_	1747836841154838528

Feasibility study on detecting lung tumour in multilayer thorax model using ultra-wideband microwave imaging

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