Composting of solid waste by using Indigenous microorganisms (IMO)
Composting is a process for the treatment of organic solid waste and the biological decomposition of raw compost materials to form compost. The utilization of organic additives during composting of organic solid waste will produce an environmentally product of compost and can shorten the process....
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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| Online Access: | http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61571/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/61571/2/Full%20text.pdf |
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| Summary: | Composting is a process for the treatment of organic solid waste and the biological
decomposition of raw compost materials to form compost. The utilization of organic
additives during composting of organic solid waste will produce an environmentally
product of compost and can shorten the process. The objectives of this study were to
characterize the chemical and biological properties of prepared indigenous
microorganisms (IMO) consists of pH, temperature, moisture content and identification
of bacteria, physico-chemical changes during the composting process; pH, temperature,
moisture content, carbon: nitrogen ratio, total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and to
study the productivity of mustard greens plant using the product of compost in term of;
plant height and soil characteristics. Five phases involved during the preparation of
indigenous microorganisms (IMO) with different materials added in each phase. There
are seven different ratios used during composting; 2:3:1 (garden waste compost 1),
3:2:1 (garden waste compost 2), 2:2:1 (garden waste compost 3), 2:0:1 (control garden
waste), 2:4:1 (food waste compost 1), 4:2:1 (food waste compost 2) and 4:4:1 (food
waste compost 3). Each treatment was triplicate over 60 days and 30-48 days of garden
and food waste composting duration. The final compost was applied to the mustard
greens plant about 30 days with triplicate. Acidic condition of pH obtained during IMO
preparation. The temperature was constant at the first and second phases with 28oC but
increases starting at the third phase, from 32 to 38oC. At the fourth phase, the
temperature was in a range of 36 to 48oC. Temperature of 30oC was recorded at the
starting of fifth phase, increased and then also decreases to 32oC. Moisture content in
the first, second and third phase of IMO was in a range of 35 to 42% and then was
decreased until phase four IMO, in a range of 30 to 37 %. At phase five, the moisture
content increases slightly and then constant at a range of 35 to 46%. Result for
identification of bacteria shown that Bacillus sp involved in first and second phase of
IMO. In phase III of IMO preparation, Bacillus thurigiensis was obtained. Proteus sp
and Bordetella sp involved in fourth and fifth phase of IMO. During the composting
process, all the parameters of IMO-compost obtained in a range like; pH value 5-9,
temperature 29-55oC, moisture content 35-75%, nitrogen 1-7%, phosphorus 4-15%,
potassium 11-23% and C:N ratio 5-20 . The best ratio of garden waste composting was
at treatments of GWC2 and FWC3 for food waste due to their higher temperature of
48oC and 55oC and the end of C: N ratio of 12 and 15 recorded during the process.
Application of IMO-compost towards mustard greens plant also shown a significant
result for plant growth using final compost ratio GWC2 and FWC3 but there are some
problems with insect pests that need to be concerned during plantation. |
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