Tensile and thermal properties of oil palm empty fruit bunch regenerated cellulose biocomposite films using ionic liquid
The regenerated cellulose (RC) biocomposite films from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were prepared using ionic liquid. N, N Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and Lithium Chloride (LiCl) were used as solvent system to dissolve the regenerated cellulose, at room tem...
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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| Online Access: | http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/62022/1/Page%201-24.pdf http://dspace.unimap.edu.my:80/xmlui/bitstream/123456789/62022/2/Full%20text.pdf |
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| Summary: | The regenerated cellulose (RC) biocomposite films from oil palm empty fruit bunch
(OPEFB) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were prepared using ionic liquid. N, N
Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and Lithium Chloride (LiCl) were used as solvent system
to dissolve the regenerated cellulose, at room temperature. The partially dissolve of RC
and subsequently convert onto matrix domain embedding the reinforcement of the nondissolve
RC. In this study, the OPEFB contents were varied from 1, 2, 3 and 4 wt% and
MCC were fixed at 3 wt%. The effect of OPEFB contents and chemical modification
using Butylmethacrylate acid (BMA) and Methacrylic acid (MAA) on X-Ray
diffraction, tensile properties, morphology study, thermal properties and FTIR of RC
biocomposite films were investigated. It was found that at 2 wt% of OPEFB contents
showed the highest crystallinity index (CrI), tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of
RC biocomposite films, but lower elongation at break than other OPEFB contents. The
temperature at maximum rate of weight loss (Tdmax) and weight loss at temperature 300
°C (T300) decreased with increasing OPEFB contents, while weight loss at temperature
600 °C (T600) increased. The morphology study of OPEFB RC biocomposite films
exhibited at 2 wt% contents of OPEFB has better dispersion of RC into the matrix. The
chemical modification of OPEFB using BMA or MAA indicated enhance the properties
of treated RC biocomposite films. The Tdmax of treated RC biocomposite films with
BMA or MAA were higher than the untreated RC biocomposite films. At temperature
T300 and T600 degradation showed that treated RC biocomposite films with BMA or
MAA have lower weight loss. This indicated that treated biocomposite films had better
thermal stability. The enhanced of interfacial interaction and dispersion of treated RC
biocomposite films with BMA or MAA were proven by SEM study. The FTIR spectra
of treated RC biocomposite films indicated the formation of esterification reaction
between cellulose from OPEFB and MCC with BMA or MAA. The treated RC
biocomposite films with BMA have higher crystallinity index, tensile strength, modulus
of elasticity and thermal stability compared to treated RC biocomposite films with
MAA. |
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